Female gametophyte development
Female gametophyte development
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雌配子体发育
DOI：
10.1105/tpc.018192
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Drews, GN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yadegari, R;Drews, GN
在进化的早期，植物获得了一个在多细胞单倍体有机体(配子体)和多细胞二倍体有机体(孢子体)之间交替的生活史。被子植物既有雌配子体，也有雄配子体。雌配子体在被子植物生殖过程的许多步骤中都是至关重要的，包括花粉管引导、受精、受精时种子发育的诱导以及受精后种子发育的母体控制。对拟南芥和玉米的遗传分析表明，突变体在雌配子体发育的几乎所有阶段都存在缺陷，对这些突变体的分析开始揭示雌配子体发育程序的特征。此外，雌配子体功能缺陷的突变体还揭示了诱导胚乳发育所需的调控基因。通过这些研究，我们开始了解与雌配子体发育和功能有关的调控网络。配子体和孢子体在形态和功能上存在差异。二倍体孢子体世代的主要功能是产生单倍体孢子，单倍体孢子是减数分裂的产物。孢子经过细胞增殖和分化发育成配子体。配子体发生的主要功能是产生单倍体配子。卵子和精子的融合产生合子，这是二倍体孢子体产生的开始，从而完成了生命周期(Gifford和Foster，1989)。
Early in their evolution, plants acquired a life cycle that alternates between a multicellular haploid organism, the gametophyte, and a multicellular diploid organism, the sporophyte. Angiosperms have both female and male gametophytes. The female gametophyte is critical to many steps of the angiosperm reproductive process, including pollen tube guidance, fertilization, the induction of seed development upon fertilization, and maternal control of seed development after fertilization. Genetic analysis in Arabidopsis and maize has revealed mutants defective in almost all stages of female gametophyte development, and analysis of these mutants is beginning to reveal features of the female gametophyte developmental program. In addition, mutants defective in female gametophyte function have revealed regulatory genes required for the induction of endosperm development. From these studies, we are beginning to understand the regulatory networks involved in female gametophyte development and function.Gametophytes and sporophytes differ morphologically and functionally. The major function of diploid sporophyte generation is to produce haploid spores, which are the products of meiosis. Spores undergo cell proliferation and differentiation to develop into gametophytes. The major function of gametophyte generation is to produce haploid gametes. The fusion of egg and sperm gives rise to the zygote, which is the beginning of diploid sporophyte generation, thereby completing the life cycle (Gifford and Foster, 1989).