The pandemic potential of Nipah virus
The pandemic potential of Nipah virus
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DOI：
10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.07.011
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发表时间：
2013-10-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Luby, Stephen P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Luby, Stephen P.
尼帕病毒是一种副粘病毒，其野生动物宿主是狐蝠。1998年，在马来西亚与病猪接触的人群中，在急性脑炎的大规模暴发中首次发现了尼帕病毒。显然，一只或多只猪被蝙蝠感染，然后病毒在猪与猪之间有效地传播，然后从猪传染给人。自2001年以来，孟加拉国几乎每年都会发现尼帕病毒疫情，邻国印度偶尔也会发现。孟加拉国和印度暴发的特点是频繁的人际传播，70%以上的感染者死亡。尼帕病毒增加其成为全球大流行风险的特征包括：人类已经易感；许多菌株能够有限的人际传播；作为一种RNA病毒，它具有异常高的突变率；如果一种适应人类的毒株感染南亚的社区，高人口密度和全球相互联系将迅速传播感染。估计和管理这一风险的适当步骤包括开展研究，探索亨尼帕病毒呼吸道传播的分子和遗传基础，改进对人类感染的监测，高收入国家支持在低收入卫生保健机构中减少传染原的人际传播风险，以及考虑在持续有接触狐蝠分泌物和排泄物风险的社区接种疫苗。(C) 2013 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Nipah virus, a paramyxovirus whose wildlife reservoir is Pteropus bats, was first discovered in a large outbreak of acute encephalitis in Malaysia in 1998 among persons who had contact with sick pigs. Apparently, one or more pigs was infected from bats, and the virus then spread efficiently from pig to pig, then from pigs to people. Nipah virus outbreaks have been recognized nearly every year in Bangladesh since 2001 and occasionally in neighboring India. Outbreaks in Bangladesh and India have been characterized by frequent person-to-person transmission and the death of over 70% of infected people. Characteristics of Nipah virus that increase its risk of becoming a global pandemic include: humans are already susceptible; many strains are capable of limited person-to-person transmission; as an RNA virus, it has an exceptionally high rate of mutation: and that if a human-adapted strain were to infect communities in South Asia, high population densities and global interconnectedness would rapidly spread the infection. Appropriate steps to estimate and manage this risk include studies to explore the molecular and genetic basis of respiratory transmission of henipaviruses, improved surveillance for human infections, support from high-income countries to reduce the risk of person-to-person transmission of infectious agents in low-income health care settings, and consideration of vaccination in communities at ongoing risk of exposure to the secretions and excretions of Pteropus bats. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.