Instructional materials: their preparation and evaluation
Instructional materials: their preparation and evaluation
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教学材料：准备和评估
DOI：
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Clifton P. Campbell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Clifton P. Campbell
教学材料通过展示获取知识和技能所需的信息来增强教学/学习过程。重点关注印刷形式的教学材料，并提供有关五种类型的工作绩效辅助工具、三种类型的说明表和两种类型的模块的详细信息，包括示例。还提供了影响成品质量的注意事项清单。工作绩效辅助工具 (JPA) 为执行任务提供程序或事实指导。它们以各种功能形式存储基本细节，以便在任务执行之前或期间使用。研究表明，JPA 是一种经济高效的培训补充或替代方案。它们减少了掌握任务绩效所需的时间，并促进学习从培训环境转移到工作中。说明书确保所有学员都拥有相同的完整且准确的信息来执行实际工作和完成作业。这些工作表还有助于管理大量具有不同能力的学员，他们同时执行多项不同的任务。模块是精心构建的文档，有助于自主学习和自定进度的学习。虽然其组成部分可能有所不同，但模块通常包括学习目标、简介、教学内容、方向、学习活动以及带有反馈答案的测试问题。通过模块，学员对自己的进步承担个人责任。无论在准备过程中如何小心，所有类型的教学材料都必须在一般使用之前进行评估。提出了用于确认有效性和价值的全面质量控制程序。这是为了加强正式的课堂教学和个人学习而准备的。图表、清单、附录以及关键字和术语词汇表是对文本内容的补充。
Instructional materials enhance the teaching/learning process by exhibiting information necessary to acquire knowledge and skills. Focuses on printed forms of instructional materials and provides detailed information, including examples, on five types of job performance aids, three types of instruction sheets, and two types of modules. Checklists of considerations that affect the quality of finished products are also provided. Job performance aids (JPAs)provide procedural or factual guidance in the performance of tasks. They store essential details in a variety of functional forms for use just before or during task performance. Research shows that JPAs are a cost‐effective supplement or alternative to training. They reduce the time needed to master task performance and facilitate the transfer of learning from the training setting to the job. Instruction sheets assure that all trainees have the same complete and accurate information for performing practical work and for completing assignments. These sheets also help manage large groups of trainees with diverse abilities who are working simultaneously at several different tasks. Modules are carefully structured documents which facilitate self‐directed and self‐paced learning. While their components may vary, modules typically include learning objectives, an introduction, instructional content, directions, learning activities, and test questions with feedback answers. With modules, trainees assume personal responsibility for their progress. Regardless of the care used in their preparation, all types of instructional materials must be evaluated prior to general use. Presents a comprehensive quality control procedure for confirming effectiveness and value. This was prepared to enhance both formal classroom instruction and individual study. Figures, tables, checklists, appendices, and a glossary of keywords and terms, supplement the text in explaining the content.