INCIDENCE OF HEARING DECLINE IN THE ELDERLY
INCIDENCE OF HEARING DECLINE IN THE ELDERLY
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DOI：
10.3109/00016489109137382
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发表时间：
1991-01-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
COOPER, JC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GATES, GA;COOPER, JC
纯音测听在1475人两次6年间隔由同一听力学家在同一设施。受试者的年龄范围为58至88岁的初始测试和63至95岁的第二次。平均6年阈值变化范围为1 - 8 dB（250-6 kHz）和10-15 dB（8 kHz）。阈值的差异分为两种模式，一种是低频（250-1 kHz），另一种是高频（4-8 kHz）。对于低阈值，阈值恶化的速度随着年龄的增长而增加，独立于初始听力水平，女性的阈值比男性更恶化。对于高，阈值变化率随着年龄的增长而下降，初始阈值的变化率在性别之间没有差异。以PTA（0.5、1、2 kHz）变化> 10 dB为标准，在6年期间，8.5%的受试者右耳、13.5%的受试者左耳和4.1%的受试者双耳出现显著恶化。显著恶化的发生率随年龄增长而增加。虽然听力损失随着年龄的增长而增加，但年龄本身占方差的不到10%。因此，随年龄变化的因素可能是负责任的。低频和高频之间的现象差异表明正在发生两种不同的过程。毛细胞变性是高频变化的最可能原因。肌萎缩或其他颅内病变可能是低频改变的原因。
Pure-tone audiometry was done on 1475 persons on two occasions 6 years apart by the same audiologist in the same facility. The age of the subjects ranged from 58 to 88 years at the initial testing and 63 to 95 at the second. The average 6-year threshold change ranged from 1 to 8 dB at 250-6 kHz and 10-15 dB at 8 kHz. The difference in thresholds fell into two patterns, one for low frequencies (250-1 kHz) and the other for high frequencies (4-8 kHz). For the lows, thresholds worsened at an increasing rate with increasing age independent of the initial hearing level, and women's thresholds worsened more than men's. For the highs, the rate of threshold change decreased with age and with the initial threshold at rates that did not differ between genders. Using a change in PTA (0.5, 1, 2 kHz) of > 10 dB as a criterion, significant worsening occurred in the right ear in 8.5%, in the left ear in 13.5%, and in both ears of 4.1 % of the subjects over the 6 year period. The rate of significant worsening increased with age. Although hearing loss increased with age, age alone accounted for less than 10% of the variance. Therefore, factors that co-vary with age may be responsible. The difference in phenomena between the low frequencies and the highs suggests that two different processes are occurring. Hair-cell degeneration is the most likely cause for the change in the high frequencies. Strial atrophy or other intracochlear processes may be the cause of the low frequency changes.