What makes a weed a weed? A large-scale evaluation of arable weeds through a functional lens
What makes a weed a weed? A large-scale evaluation of arable weeds through a functional lens
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DOI：
10.1002/ajb2.1213
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Violle, Cyrille
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bourgeois, Berenger;Munoz, Francois;Violle, Cyrille
尽管长期的研究努力，决定植物杂草性的生态和功能特性的综合观点仍然缺乏。我们在这里调查的关键功能属性的耕地杂草相比，非杂草植物，在大的空间尺度。方法：我们使用了一个密集的调查，植物群落在耕地和非耕地的栖息地，以定义一个池的植物发生在耕地（杂草）和植物只发生在开放的非耕地的栖息地（非杂草）在法国。我们根据9个功能性状和3个功能空间（LHS、生殖和资源需求超体积）比较了两个库。在杂草池内，我们量化了杂草沿着一个连续的专业化耕地的性状变异。关键结果杂草大多是一年生植物，比叶面积更高，开花时间更早，更长，对营养丰富，阳光充足和干燥的环境比非杂草更有亲和力，虽然杂草和非杂草的功能空间在很大程度上重叠。当忠实于耕地增加，频谱杂草生态策略的减少与非杂草的重叠，特别是对资源需求超体积。结论耕地杂草构成一个限定的池定义的性状综合征提供耐受性的生态过滤器的耕地（特别是，定期土壤扰动和施肥）。这种综合征的鉴定对于预测新建立的外来植物的杂草潜力具有极大的意义。考虑到杂草和非杂草之间的大量重叠，一个重要的植物库也可能在农业实践改变后变成杂草。
Premise of the Study Despite long-term research efforts, a comprehensive perspective on the ecological and functional properties determining plant weediness is still lacking. We investigated here key functional attributes of arable weeds compared to non-weed plants, at large spatial scale. Methods We used an intensive survey of plant communities in cultivated and non-cultivated habitats to define a pool of plants occurring in arable fields (weeds) and one of plants occurring only in open non-arable habitats (non-weeds) in France. We compared the two pools based on nine functional traits and three functional spaces (LHS, reproductive and resource requirement hypervolumes). Within the weed pool, we quantified the trait variation of weeds along a continuum of specialization to arable fields. Key Results Weeds were mostly therophytes and had higher specific leaf area, earlier and longer flowering, and higher affinity for nutrient-rich, sunny and dry environments compared to non-weeds, although functional spaces of weeds and non-weeds largely overlapped. When fidelity to arable fields increased, the spectrum of weed ecological strategies decreased as did the overlap with non-weeds, especially for the resource requirement hypervolume. Conclusions Arable weeds constitute a delimited pool defined by a trait syndrome providing tolerance to the ecological filters of arable fields (notably, regular soil disturbances and fertilization). The identification of such a syndrome is of great interest to predict the weedy potential of newly established alien plants. An important reservoir of plants may also become weeds after changes in agricultural practices, considering the large overlap between weeds and non-weeds.