Atmosphere and climate studies of Mars using the Mars Observer pressure modulator infrared radiometer
Atmosphere and climate studies of Mars using the Mars Observer pressure modulator infrared radiometer
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DOI：
10.1029/92je00539
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发表时间：
1992-05
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Mccleese;R. Haskins;J. Schofield;R. Zurek;C. Leovy;D. Paige;F. Taylor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Mccleese;R. Haskins;J. Schofield;R. Zurek;C. Leovy;D. Paige;F. Taylor
目前，对火星气候和大气层的研究受到限制，因为缺乏具有良好水平和垂直分辨率的系统的全球覆盖的气象数据。火星观察者号航天器在一个低的、接近圆形的极地轨道上，将为获取所需数据提供一个极好的平台，以大大提高我们对火星大气及其显著变化的了解。火星观测者号压力调制器红外辐射计是一个九通道临边和最低点扫描大气探测器，将在0至80公里范围内对火星大气进行一个完整的火星年的全球观测。PMIRR采用窄带辐射测量通道和两个压力调制单元来测量大气和地面的热红外辐射;一个可见光通道（0.39-4.7 μm）用于测量从大气和地面反射的太阳辐射。大气温度的垂直廓线、大气中悬浮尘埃的红外消光、大气水蒸气和凝雾将从垂直分辨率为5公里的红外测量中得到，5公里是大气尺度高度的一半。PMIRR红外和可见光测量将结合起来，以确定极地地区的辐射平衡，其中相当大一部分全球大气质量每年冷凝到表面并从表面升华。导出的气象场，包括非绝热加热和冷却和水平风的垂直变化，将计算从全球映射从PMIRR数据检索字段。对这些观测和衍生场的分析将解决有关火星大气和气候的许多关键问题。
Studies of the climate and atmosphere of Mars are limited at present by a lack of meteorological data having systematic global coverage with good horizontal and vertical resolution. The Mars Observer spacecraft in a low, nearly circular, polar orbit will provide an excellent platform for acquiring the data needed to advance significantly our understanding of the Martian atmosphere and its remarkable variability. The Mars Observer pressure modulator infrared radiometer (PMIRR) is a nine-channel limb and nadir scanning atmospheric sounder which will observe the atmosphere of Mars globally from 0 to 80 km for a full Martian year. PMIRR employs narrow-band radiometric channels and two pressure modulation cells to measure atmospheric and surface emission in the thermal infrared; a visible channel (0.39–4.7 μm) is used to measure solar radiation reflected from the atmosphere and surface. Vertical profiles of atmospheric temperature, the infrared extinction of dust suspended in the atmosphere, atmospheric water vapor, and condensate hazes will be retrieved from infrared measurements having a vertical resolution of 5 km, which is half an atmospheric scale height. PMIRR infrared and visible measurements will be combined to determine the radiative balance of the polar regions, where a sizeable fraction of the global atmospheric mass annually condenses onto and sublimes from the surface. Derived meteorological fields, including diabatic heating and cooling and the vertical variation of horizontal winds, will be computed from the globally mapped fields retrieved from PMIRR data. Analyses of these observed and derived fields will address many key questions regarding the atmosphere and climate of Mars.