Categorization training results in shape- and category-selective human neural plasticity
Categorization training results in shape- and category-selective human neural plasticity
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuron.2007.02.015
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发表时间：
2007-03-15
期刊：
影响因子：
16.2
通讯作者：
Riesenhuber, Maximilian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jiang, Xiong;Bradley, Evan;Riesenhuber, Maximilian
物体类别学习是一项基本能力，需要“自下而上”的刺激驱动与“自上而下”的任务特定信息相结合。因此，它可能是研究皮质可塑性的一般神经机制的一个富有成果的领域。一个简单的模型预测，类别学习涉及形成与任务无关的形状选择性表示，为学习分类任务的电路提供输入，并通过计算上有吸引力的预测来促进在相同刺激下学习额外的、新颖的任务。使用功能磁共振成像快速适应技术，我们发现分类训练（在变形的“汽车”上）诱导了对外侧枕叶皮层微小形状变化的适应的显着释放，无论类别成员如何，这与身体外观表示编码的锐化相一致。相比之下，在分类过程中选择性激活的外侧前额皮质区域在训练后对类别成员的明确变化表现出敏感性。进一步支持该模型，分类训练还提高了对训练刺激的辨别性能。
Object category learning is a fundamental ability, requiring the combination of "bottom-up" stimulus-driven with "top-down" task-specific information. It therefore may be a fruitful domain for study of the general neural mechanisms underlying cortical plasticity. A simple model predicts that category learning involves the formation of a task-independent shape-selective representation that provides input to circuits learning the categorization task, with the computationally appealing prediction of facilitated learning of additional, novel tasks over the same stimuli. Using fMRI rapid-adaptation techniques, we find that categorization training (on morphed "cars") induced a significant release from adaptation for small shape changes in lateral occipital cortex irrespective of category membership, compatible with the sharpening of a representation coding for physical appearance. In contrast, an area in lateral prefrontal cortex, selectively activated during categorization, showed sensitivity posttraining to explicit changes in category membership. Further supporting the model, categorization training also improved discrimination performance on the trained stimuli.