The effect of within-crop floral resources on pollination, aphid control and fruit quality in commercial strawberry
The effect of within-crop floral resources on pollination, aphid control and fruit quality in commercial strawberry
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2019.02.006
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发表时间：
2019-04-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Fountain, Michelle T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hodgkiss, Dylan;Brown, Mark J. F.;Fountain, Michelle T.
如果没有授粉昆虫，商业草莓 (Fragaria x ananassa) 的产量将下降约 45%，而仅在英国，蚜虫造成的损害估计就会使种植者损失至少 1% 的年产量。这种综合效应可能导致英国经济每年损失超过 1 亿美元。我们调查了将花卉资源纳入商业聚乙烯覆盖的隧道中是否可以改善授粉服务和蚜虫控制，从而改善草莓果实的质量。在随机区组实验（使用 3 x 6 m 地块）中，将香菜 (Coriandrum sativum) 田勿忘我 (Myosotis arvensis) 和玉米薄荷 (Mentha arvensis) 植物插入成排的商业种植草莓中。比较了它们对自然存在的访花者、蚜虫和蚜虫捕食者数量的影响。香菜和薄荷地块的花卉游客数量（包括播种花卉的游客数量）较高。然而，在对照地块中，草莓花受到的昆虫较多。勿忘我地块的果实含糖量低于对照地块的果实，而薄荷地块的果实的受精种子比对照地块的果实少。香菜地里的草莓在任何水果质量指标上都与对照水果没有差异。至关重要的是，不同处理之间适销水果的比例没有差异。尽管香菜显着增加了芫荽地块中受蚜虫侵染的草莓植株上产下的草蛉卵的数量，但处理之间的蚜虫数量没有差异。因此，间作虽然对适销水果的比例没有产生负面影响，但获得的效益却有限。在不同的生长季节，效果可能会更加明显，但这需要与实施此类干预措施的成本进行权衡。
In the absence of pollinating insects commercial strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) yields would fall by approximately 45%, while damage from aphids is estimated to cost growers at least 1% of annual yields in the UK alone. This combined effect could result in losses of over 100 million per year for the UK economy. We investigated whether incorporating floral resources within commercial polythene-clad tunnels could improve pollination services and aphid control and, hence, strawberry fruit quality. In a randomised block experiment (using 3 x 6 m plots), coriander (Coriandrum sativum) field forget-me-not (Myosotis arvensis) and corn mint (Mentha arvensis) plants were inserted in rows of commercially-grown strawberries. Their effect on numbers of naturally occurring flower visitors, aphids and aphid predators was compared. Counts of flower visitors, including visitors to sown flower species, were higher in coriander and mint plots. However strawberry flowers received more insect visits in control plots. Fruit from forget-me-not plots were lower in sugar than fruit from controls, while fruit from mint plots had fewer fertilised seeds than fruit from control plots. Strawberries from coriander plots did not differ from control fruit on any fruit quality measures. Crucially, proportions of marketable fruit did not differ across treatments. Aphid numbers did not differ between treatments even though coriander significantly increased the numbers of lacewing eggs laid on aphid-infested strawberry plants in coriander plots. Hence, although there were no negative effects on the proportions of marketable fruits with intercropping, the benefits received were limited. It might be that in a different growing season the effect would be more pronounced but this would need to be weighed up against the cost of implementing such interventions.