Flow Development and Entrainment in Turbulent Particle‐Laden Jets

Flow Development and Entrainment in Turbulent Particle‐Laden Jets
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湍流粒子的流动发展和夹带——满载射流

DOI:
10.1029/2022jd038108
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Solovitz, Stephen A.
Solovitz, Stephen A.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shannon, Laura K.;Viggiano, Bianca;Cal, Raúl B.;Mastin, Larry G.;Van Eaton, Alexa R.;Solovitz, Stephen A.

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爆炸性喷发以高压和高速喷出火山气体和颗粒。在这种多相流体中,小灰颗粒影响流动动力学,影响混合、夹带、湍流和聚集。为了研究湍流颗粒行为的作用,我们使用载有颗粒的射流进行了模拟实验。我们使用压缩空气作为载流流体,考虑雷诺数约为5,000至20,000的湍流条件。检查了两种不同的颗粒:直径为14 μm的实心镍球和直径为13 μm的空心玻璃球。根据对流尺度,这导致斯托克斯数在1到35之间。混合物中的颗粒质量百分比从0.3%变化到大于20%。基于一维火山羽流模型,这些斯托克斯数和质量负荷对应于大规模持续喷发期间喷口上方4-8公里高度处的毫米级颗粒直径。通过粒子图像测速仪,我们测量了近出口区域的平均流动行为和湍流统计,主要关注分散相。我们发现,流动行为是由颗粒的惯性,与高斯托克斯数减少夹带超过40%。当应用于火山羽流时,这些结果表明,高密度颗粒可以大大增加柱坍塌的可能性。
Explosive eruptions expel volcanic gases and particles at high pressures and velocities. Within this multiphase fluid, small ash particles affect the flow dynamics, impacting mixing, entrainment, turbulence, and aggregation. To examine the role of turbulent particle behavior, we conducted an analogue experiment using a particle‐laden jet. We used compressed air as the carrier fluid, considering turbulent conditions at Reynolds numbers from approximately 5,000 to 20,000. Two different particles were examined: 14‐μm diameter solid nickel spheres and 13‐μm diameter hollow glass spheres. These resulted in Stokes numbers between 1 and 35 based on the convective scale. The particle mass percentage in the mixture is varied from 0.3% to more than 20%. Based on a 1‐D volcanic plume model, these Stokes numbers and mass loadings corresponded to millimeter‐scale particle diameters at heights of 4–8 km above the vent during large, sustained eruptions. Through particle image velocimetry, we measured the mean flow behavior and the turbulence statistics in the near‐exit region, primarily focusing on the dispersed phase. We show that the flow behavior is dominated by the particle inertia, with high Stokes numbers reducing the entrainment by more than 40%. When applied to volcanic plumes, these results suggest that high‐density particles can greatly increase the probability of column collapse.
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