How useful is executive control training? Age differences in near and far transfer of task-switching training
How useful is executive control training? Age differences in near and far transfer of task-switching training
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00846.x
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发表时间：
2009-11-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kray, Jutta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Karbach, Julia;Kray, Jutta
虽然执行职能可以通过培训得到改善，但这些与培训有关的好处在多大程度上可以转移到其他任务，或者这种转移是否可以通过培训的类型加以调节，我们所知甚少。本研究探讨了任务转换训练对结构相似任务的近迁移及其由言语自我指导和可变训练调节的寿命变化，以及向结构不同的“执行”任务和流体智力的远迁移。三个年龄组（8-10岁；18-26岁；62-76岁）采用测试前-训练-测试后设计进行检查。我们发现任务转换训练在所有年龄组，尤其是儿童和老年人中都有接近迁移的效果。当训练任务变化时，近转移在成人中增强，在儿童中受损。我们还发现，在所有年龄组中，对其他执行任务和流动智力的转移都是实质性的，这表明训练后相对一般的执行控制能力发生了转移。
Although executive functions can be improved by training, little is known about the extent to which these training-related benefits can be transferred to other tasks, or whether this transfer can be modulated by the type of training. This study investigated lifespan changes in near transfer of task-switching training to structurally similar tasks and its modulation by verbal self-instructions and variable training, as well as far transfer to structurally dissimilar 'executive' tasks and fluid intelligence. Three age groups (8-10; 18-26; 62-76 years of age) were examined in a pretest-training-posttest design. We found near transfer of task-switching training in all age groups, especially in children and older adults. Near transfer was enhanced in adults and impaired in children when training tasks were variable. We also found substantial far transfer to other executive tasks and fluid intelligence in all age groups, pointing to the transfer of relatively general executive control abilities after training.