Testicular germ cells can colonize sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad and produce functional eggs in fish
Testicular germ cells can colonize sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad and produce functional eggs in fish
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0509218103
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发表时间：
2006-02-21
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Yoshizaki, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Okutsu, T;Suzuki, K;Yoshizaki, G
了解生殖细胞发育的调控机制对生殖医学和动物生产至关重要。动物配子最初来源于性未分化的原始生殖细胞（PGCs），其在进行减数分裂之前发育成有丝分裂生殖细胞（卵原细胞或精原细胞）[Wylie，C.（1999）Cell 96，165-174]。精原细胞被认为包括具有干细胞活性的细胞群，其在雄性动物的整个寿命期间增殖并产生精子[Zhao，G. Q. & Garbers，D. L.（2002）Dev. Cell 2，537-547]。然而，PGCs和精原干细胞之间的功能差异知之甚少。在这里，我们表明，移植的成年睾丸生殖细胞可以殖民性未分化的胚胎性腺和恢复配子发生。将分离自成年雄性虹鳟鱼（Oncorhynchus mykiss）的含精原干细胞的睾丸生殖细胞移植到雌雄两种刚孵出的胚胎的腹腔内，观察供体细胞的行为。雄性受体的睾丸生殖细胞分化为精子，雌性受体的睾丸生殖细胞分化为功能齐全的卵子。此外，从受体鱼获得的供体来源的精子和卵子能够产生正常的后代。这些研究结果表明，鱼类睾丸生殖细胞，可能精原干细胞，具有高度的发育可塑性和性二能性，即使在动物达到成熟。此外，我们的研究结果表明，精原干细胞至少部分功能类似于PGCs。
Understanding the mechanisms that regulate germ-cell development is crucial to reproductive medicine and animal production. Animal gametes originally derive from sexually undifferentiated primordial germ cells (PGCs), which develop into mitotic germ cells (oogonia or spermatogonia) before proceeding to meiosis [Wylie, C. (1999) Cell 96, 165-174]. Spermatogonia are thought to include a population of cells with stem cell activity, which proliferate throughout the lifespan of male animals and produce spermatozoa [Zhao, G. Q. & Garbers, D. L. (2002) Dev. Cell 2, 537-547]. However, the functional differences between PGCs and spermatogonial stem cells are poorly understood. Here we show that transplanted adult testicular germ cells can colonize sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonads and resume gametogenesis. Testicular germ cells containing spermatogonial stem cells isolated from adult male rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were transplanted into the peritoneal cavity of newly hatched embryos of both sexes, and the behavior of the donor cells was observed. The testicular germ cells differentiated into spermatozoa in male recipients and fully functional eggs in female recipients. Furthermore, the donor-derived spermatozoa and eggs obtained from the recipient fish were able to produce normal offspring. These findings indicate that fish testicular germ cells, probably spermatogonial stem cells, possess a high level of developmental plasticity and sexual bipotency, even after the animal reaches maturity. Furthermore, our results suggest that spermatogonial stem cells are at least partly functionally similar to PGCs.