The maternal legacy to the embryo: Cytoplasmic components and their effects on early development
The maternal legacy to the embryo: Cytoplasmic components and their effects on early development
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DOI：
10.1016/s0093-691x(01)00481-2
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发表时间：
2001-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Gandolfi, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gandolfi, TALB;Gandolfi, F
RNA分子和蛋白质在卵母细胞的细胞质中积累，并在胚胎DNA转录开始之前用于维持胚胎发育的早期阶段。这使得卵母细胞成为一种非常特殊的细胞，与RNA和蛋白质通常进行快速周转的体细胞完全不同。为了能够储存和及时使用这些储存的分子，各种机制在卵母细胞中是有效的，并逐渐被阐明。我们对这些机制的理解对于不断改进人类和动物生殖疾病的治疗以及理解克隆过程或干细胞生成过程中的核重编程过程非常重要。本文综述了卵母细胞成熟和早期发育过程中的转录后和翻译后机制，并对这些调控过程的各个方面进行了综述。机制，如胞质调节的聚（A）尾，RNA定位和蛋白质磷酸化的一些详细描述。由于大多数数据是从较低的物种，这些都是一起提出适当的参考哺乳动物卵母细胞时，数据是已知的，或当重要的差异已经被描述。(C)2001年，Elsevier Science Inc.
RNA molecules and proteins are accumulated in the oocyte cytoplasm during its growth phase and are used to sustain the early phases of embryonic development before embryo DNA transcription begins. This makes the oocyte a very special cell, quite different from somatic cells where RNA and proteins usually undergo a rapid turnover. To enable the storage and timely use of such stored molecules, various mechanisms are effective in the oocyte and are gradually being elucidated. Our understanding of such mechanisms is important for constantly improving therapy for human and animal reproductive disorders as well as for understanding the process of nuclear reprogramming during cloning procedure or stem cell generation. This review focuses on the various aspects of these regulatory processes in an attempt to give an overview of the present knowledge on post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms taking place during oocyte maturation and early development. Mechanisms such as cytoplasmic regulation of the poly(A) tail, RNA localization and protein phosphorylation are described in some detail. Because most data are available from lower species these are presented together with appropriate reference to the mammalian oocyte when data are known, or when important differences have been described. (C) 2001 by Elsevier Science Inc.