What is eotaxin doing in the pleura? Insights into innate immunity from pleural mesothelial cells.
What is eotaxin doing in the pleura? Insights into innate immunity from pleural mesothelial cells.
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嗜酸细胞趋化因子在胸膜中起什么作用？
DOI：
10.1165/ajrcmb.26.4.f235
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发表时间：
2002
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Stellato,Cristiana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Georas,SteveN;Beck,LisaA;Stellato,Cristiana
近20年前就认识到胸膜间皮细胞（PMC）是一种能够合成多种细胞外基质分子的生物活性细胞类型（1）。因此，PMC有助于胸膜的完整性，这在促进肺扩张和收缩中起着至关重要的作用。过去十年的研究已经揭示了PMC在胸膜微环境中感知和响应信号的额外作用。特别是，最近的几项研究发现，PMC合成不同阵列的趋化细胞因子（或趋化因子），以响应不同的细胞外刺激。这表明PMC在将炎性细胞募集到胸膜间隙中中起积极作用。最近发现其他中胚层来源的细胞也具有类似的功能，包括腹膜间皮细胞（2）。由于最初观察到石棉诱导的胸膜嗜中性粒细胞与间皮来源的IL-8产生有关（3，4），PMC已显示在不同的实验环境中分泌CC和CXC趋化因子（表1）。有趣的是，Nasreen及其同事最近报道PMC以极化方式（从基底到顶端）分泌IL-8，这将促进中性粒细胞经间皮细胞迁移到胸膜腔中（5）。响应于趋化因子梯度的细胞浸润将取决于靶细胞上适当配体的表达和活化状态。最近的几篇综述可用于这一活跃的研究领域（6，7）。一般来说，迄今为止描述的PMC衍生的趋化因子可以帮助解释伴随不同疾病状态的胸膜嗜中性粒细胞增多症或单核细胞增多症。因此，在以中性粒细胞流入为特征的胸膜疾病（例如，复杂性胸膜旁积液和脓胸[8]）中，IL-8的浓度增加，而巨噬细胞
It was appreciated almost 20 years ago that pleural mesothelial cells (PMC) are a biologically active cell type capable of synthesizing a variety of extracellular matrix molecules (1). As such, PMC contribute to the integrity of the pleural membrane, which plays a vital role in facilitating lung expansion and deflation. Research in the past decade has uncovered an additional role for PMC in sensing and responding to signals within the pleural microenvironment. In particular, several recent studies have found that PMC synthesize a diverse array of chemotactic cytokines (or chemokines) in response to distinct extracellular stimuli. This suggests that PMC play an active role in the recruitment of inflammatory cells into the pleural space. Comparable functions have recently been ascribed to other mesodermally-derived cells, including peritoneal mesothelial cells (2).Since the original observation that asbestos-induced pleural neutrophilia involved mesothelial-derived IL-8 production (3, 4), PMC have been shown to secrete both CC and CXC chemokines in different experimental settings (Table 1). Interestingly, Nasreen and coworkers recently reported that PMC secrete IL-8 in a polarized fashion (from basal to apical), which would promote the transmesothelial migration of neutrophils into the pleural cavity (5). The cellular infiltrate in response to a chemokine gradient will depend on the expression of appropriate ligands on, and the state of, activation of target cells. Several recent reviews are available for this active area of research (6, 7). In general, the PMC-derived chemokines described to date can help explain the pleural neutrophilia or monocytosis that accompany different disease states. Thus, the concentration of IL-8 is increased in pleural diseases characterized by neutrophil influx (eg, complicated parapneumonic effusion and empyema [8]), whereas macrophage