Gender differences in hypertension and hypertension awareness among young adults.
Gender differences in hypertension and hypertension awareness among young adults.
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DOI：
10.1080/19485565.2014.929488
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Zajacova A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Everett B;Zajacova A
此前的研究表明，男性的高血压患病率高于女性，但对高血压的认知度却低于女性，但目前尚不清楚这些差异是否在年轻人中出现。本研究利用国家青少年至成人健康纵向研究（Add Health），调查了美国年轻人高血压和高血压意识的性别差异，特别关注可能导致观察到的差异的因素（N = 14,497）。我们的结果显示，二十多岁的男性和女性之间高血压状况的性别差异已经很明显：与男性相比，女性患高血压的可能性要低得多（12% vs 27%）。结果还显示，年轻女性的高血压意识水平非常低（32%的女性高血压患者意识到自己的状况），男性的高血压意识水平甚至更低（25%）。最后，本研究确定了导致这些观察到的性别差异的关键因素。特别是医疗保健使用虽然与实际高血压状况无关，但却充分解释了高血压认知的性别差异。因此，研究结果表明，定期就诊对于提高年轻人对高血压的认识和减少心血管健康方面的性别差异至关重要。
Previous research has shown that men have higher levels of hypertension and lower levels of hypertension awareness than women, but it remains unclear if these differences emerge among young adults. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), this study examines gender differences in hypertension and hypertension awareness among U.S. young adults, with special focus on factors that may contribute to observed disparities (N = 14,497). Our results show that the gender disparities in hypertension status were already evident among men and women in their twenties: women were far less likely to be hypertensive compared to men (12% vs. 27%). The results also reveal very low levels of hypertension awareness among young women (32% of hypertensive women were aware of their status) and even lower levels among men (25%). Finally, this study identifies key factors that contribute to these observed gender disparities. In particular, health care use, while not related to the actual hypertension status, fully explains the gender differences in hypertension awareness. The findings thus suggest that regular medical visits are critical for improving hypertension awareness among young adults and reducing gender disparities in cardiovascular health.