Electric power applications of superconductivity
Electric power applications of superconductivity
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DOI：
10.1109/jproc.2004.833674
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发表时间：
2004-09
影响因子：
20.6
通讯作者：
W. Hassenzahl;D. Hazelton;B. Johnson;P. Komarek;M. Noe;C. Reis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Hassenzahl;D. Hazelton;B. Johnson;P. Komarek;M. Noe;C. Reis
与现有技术相比，超导电力系统的发展受到提高效率、更小尺寸和减轻重量的承诺以及新应用的可能性的推动。超导电力元件还有助于改善电力质量和提高系统可靠性。本文介绍了超导电力应用的历史发展和技术现状：电缆，超导磁储能（SMES），故障电流限制器，变压器。今天，SMES是唯一功能齐全的超导系统，它只在电网功率水平上有有限的使用。其他三种应用都有一些模型或示范装置。超导体在广泛应用的道路上面临着几个障碍。也许最重要的是需要100 kV或更高的工作电压。虽然在这一领域和其他领域的进展迅速，超导设备在实用环境中可靠地执行之前，需要相当大的发展。因此，今天，大多数初始安装都针对利基应用，并将安装在空间有限的地方，电力需求在现有走廊上增加，和/或初始开发成本可以通过增强电网性能来抵消。
The development of superconducting systems for electric power is driven by the promise of improved efficiency, smaller size, and reduced weight as compared to existing technologies and by the possibility of new applications. Superconducting power components can also contribute to improved power quality and increased system reliability. This paper addresses historical developments and technology status of four superconducting power applications: cables, superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), fault-current limiters, and transformers. Today, SMES is the only fully functional superconducting system and it has seen only limited use at grid power levels. A few model or demonstration units exist for each of the other three applications. Superconductivity faces several hurdles on the path to widespread use. Perhaps the most important is the need for operating voltages of 100 kV or more. Though progress in this and other areas has been rapid, considerable development is needed before superconducting devices perform reliably in the utility environment. As a result, today, most initial installations are aimed at niche applications and will be installed where space is limited, where power demands are increasing over existing corridors, and/or where initial development costs can be offset by enhanced power grid performance.