Development of oaks (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) emerged from bird-dispersed seeds under old-growth pine (Pinus silvestris L.) stands
Development of oaks (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) emerged from bird-dispersed seeds under old-growth pine (Pinus silvestris L.) stands
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DOI：
10.1016/s0378-1127(97)00237-5
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发表时间：
1998-07-02
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kleinert, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mosandl, R;Kleinert, A
在东德，有很多地区被古老的松林覆盖。它们生长在土壤上，在没有人为影响的自然条件下，橡树（Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.）和松树（Pinus silvestris L.）的混合林将形成天然森林。这些地区生态培育的一个重要目标是利用自然更新的方法将纯松林转变为栎松混交林。在这方面，欧洲松鸦（Garrulus mudarius L.）是一位备受赞赏的助手。通过分析萨克森州魏斯瓦瑟林区的一些老松林的自然更新，我们发现了其工作的显着成果。尽管那里的橡树母树非常稀少，但研究区却随处可见橡树自然再生的情况。橡树的再生量至少达到了 2000 棵/公顷，毫无疑问是由松鸦创造的。它们主要是随机分布的，而松树再生则聚集在松树冠层出现缝隙的地方。橡树再生的建立比松树再生早得多。因此，橡树的年龄、高度和直径都超过了松树。在过去三年的高度增长方面，橡树也优于松树。因此，橡木有很好的机会捍卫其在未来再生中的主导作用。也许，下一代森林将由橡树和松树组成。对再生橡树质量的分析表明，与人工播种的橡树林没有实质性差异。这表明欧洲松鸦创造的橡树林在数量和质量上都足够。 (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.
In East Germany, there an a lot of areas covered by old pine stands. They are growing on soils, on which under natural conditions without anthropogenic impact mixed stands of oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) and pine (Pinus silvestris L.), would form a natural forest. An important objective of ecological silviculture in these areas is to convert the pure pine stands into mixed oak-pine stands by using natural regeneration methods. A highly appreciated assistant in this connection is the European jay (Garrulus glandarius L.). The remarkable results of its work have been found by analyzing the natural regeneration in a few old pine stands in the forest district of Weisswasser in Saxony. Although mother trees of oak are very scarce there, natural regeneration of oak was found everywhere in the research area. The oak regeneration, undoubtedly created by the jay, amounted to at least 2000 oaks/ha. They were mainly distributed at random, while pine regeneration was aggregated in places where gaps in the pine canopy occurred. Oak regeneration was established much earlier than pine regeneration. Thus, oaks exceeded pines in age, height and diameter. The oaks were also superior to pines concerning height increment for the last three years. Thus, there is a good chance for oak to defend its prevailing role in the regeneration in the future. Probably, the next forest generation will be composed of oak and pine trees. The analysis of the quality of the oak regeneration shows that there is no substantial difference to artificially sown oak stands. This indicates that the European jay creates oak stands sufficiently both in number and quality. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.