Of guns and snakes: testing a modern threat superiority effect*
Of guns and snakes: testing a modern threat superiority effect*
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枪与蛇：测试现代威胁优势效应*
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Theodore Alexopoulos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baptiste Subra;D. Muller;Lisa Fourgassie;A. Chauvin;Theodore Alexopoulos
摘要以前的研究表明，古老的（即基于进化的）威胁之所以引起人们的注意，是因为人类拥有一个由进化塑造的天生模块，并致力于检测它们。另一种解释提出，预测刺激是否会引起注意的关键特征是其相关性，而不是其本体（即系统发育或个体发育威胁）。在此框架内，本研究涉及注意捕获的威胁，在我们的城市环境中常见的。在两个实验中，我们研究了现代威胁（即武器）的注意捕获。在实验1中，参与者对一个目标做出反应，这个目标之前有一个线索，这是一个武器或一个非威胁性的刺激。我们发现了一个更大的线索效应（更快的反应时间有效与无效的试验）与武器相比，非威胁性的线索。在实验2中，现代（如武器）和古代威胁（如蛇）相互竞争，以确定哪些优先捕获注意力。至关重要的是，与古代威胁相比，参与者更快地发现了现代威胁之前的目标，为现代威胁的优越性提供了初步证据。总体而言，目前的研究结果似乎更符合相关性为基础的解释，而不是基于进化的威胁检测的解释。
ABSTRACT Previous studies suggest that ancient (i.e. evolutionary-based) threats capture attention because human beings possess an inborn module shaped by evolution and dedicated to their detection. An alternative account proposes that a key feature predicting whether a stimulus will capture attention is its relevance rather than its ontology (i.e. phylogenetic or ontogenetic threat). Within this framework, the present research deals with the attentional capture by threats commonly encountered in our urban environment. In two experiments, we investigate the attentional capture by modern threats (i.e. weapons). In Experiment 1, participants responded to a target preceded by a cue, which was a weapon or a non-threatening stimulus. We found a larger cuing effect (faster reaction times to valid vs. invalid trials) with weapons as compared with non-threatening cues. In Experiment 2, modern (e.g. weapons) and ancient threats (e.g. snakes) were pitted against one another as cues to determine which ones preferentially capture attention. Crucially, participants were faster to detect a target preceded by a modern as opposed to an ancient threat, providing initial evidence for a superiority of modern threat. Overall, the present findings appear more consistent with a relevance-based explanation rather than an evolutionary-based explanation of threat detection.
DOI：
10.1037/a0030517
发表时间：
2013-06
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance
影响因子：
--
作者：
B. Wyble;C. Folk;M. Potter
通讯作者：
B. Wyble;C. Folk;M. Potter
DOI：
10.1364/josaa.19.001096
发表时间：
2002-06-01
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Bex, PJ;Makous, W
通讯作者：
Makous, W