Under the radar: Community safety nets for AIDS-affected households in sub-Saharan Africa
Under the radar: Community safety nets for AIDS-affected households in sub-Saharan Africa
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DOI：
10.1080/09540120601114469
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Foster, G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Foster, G.
安全网是在压力时期减轻贫困对弱势家庭影响的机制。在撒哈拉以南非洲地区，大家庭与社区一起是最有效的应对措施，使面临危机的家庭能够获得支持。本文回顾了撒哈拉以南非洲非正式社会保障体系的文献，分析了艾滋病毒/艾滋病导致其运作发生的变化，并描述了社区安全网的组成部分，包括经济协会、合作社、贷款提供者、慈善团体和艾滋病毒/艾滋病倡议。社区安全网以最需要帮助的家庭为目标，对危机做出快速反应，具有成本效益，基于当地需求和现有资源，涉及社区成员的专业知识，并提供财政和社会心理支持。她们的主要限制是缺乏物质资源和依赖妇女的无偿劳动。由于艾滋病毒/艾滋病，安全网机制发生了变化，这表明社区具有复原力，而不是即将崩溃。缺乏评估非正式社区一级转移支付的价值、描述安全网如何帮助穷人或分析针对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的修改的研究。在政府、非政府组织和国际机构的关注下，社区安全网的作用在很大程度上仍然不为人所知。外部支持可以加强这一非正式社会保障体系，为受艾滋病毒/艾滋病影响的贫困家庭提供重要支持。
Safety nets are mechanisms to mitigate the effects of poverty on vulnerable households during times of stress. In sub-Saharan Africa, extended families, together with communities, are the most effective responses enabling access to support for households facing crises. This paper reviews literature on informal social security systems in sub-Saharan Africa, analyses changes taking place in their functioning as a result of HIV/AIDS and describes community safety net components including economic associations, cooperatives, loan providers, philanthropic groups and HIV/AIDS initiatives. Community safety nets target households in greatest need, respond rapidly to crises, are cost efficient, based on local needs and available resources, involve the specialized knowledge of community members and provide financial and psycho-social support. Their main limitations are lack of material resources and reliance on unpaid labour of women. Changes have taken place in safety net mechanisms because of HIV/AIDS, suggesting the resilience of communities rather than their impending collapse. Studies are lacking that assess the value of informal community-level transfers, describe how safety nets assist the poor or analyse modifications in response to HIV/AIDS. The role of community safety nets remains largely invisible under the radar of governments, non-governmental organizations and international bodies. External support can strengthen this system of informal social security that provides poor HIV/AIDS-affected households with significant support.