Functions of eukaryotic DNA polymerases.
Functions of eukaryotic DNA polymerases.
复制标题
真核 DNA 聚合酶的功能。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Kunkel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. V. Shcherbakova;K. Bebenek;T. Kunkel
DNA聚合酶的一个主要功能是精确地复制构成人类基因组的60亿个核苷酸。由于基因组不断受到各种内源性和外源性dna损伤剂的挑战，这项任务变得复杂。DNA损伤可以阻断DNA复制或改变碱基编码潜能，从而导致突变。此外，非复制DNA损伤的积累会影响基因表达，从而导致许多细胞过程的功能障碍。许多DNA修复系统在细胞中运作以去除DNA损伤，并且已知几种DNA聚合酶是这些修复系统的关键组成部分。在过去的几年里，一些新的DNA聚合酶被发现，它们可能在DNA修复酶错过的DNA损伤的复制旁路或特殊形式的修复中起作用。此外，DNA聚合酶可以在细胞周期检查点途径中充当传感器，阻止进入有丝分裂，直到受损的DNA被修复和复制完成。DNA模板依赖的真核生物DNA聚合酶现在由14种具有惊人不同性质的酶组成。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了这些聚合酶在DNA损伤修复、完整和受损染色体的复制以及细胞周期检查点中的可能功能。
A major function of DNA polymerases is to accurately replicate the six billion nucleotides that constitute the human genome. This task is complicated by the fact that the genome is constantly challenged by a variety of endogenous and exogenous DNA-damaging agents. DNA damage can block DNA replication or alter base coding potential, resulting in mutations. In addition, the accumulation of damage in nonreplicating DNA can affect gene expression, which leads to the malfunction of many cellular processes. A number of DNA repair systems operate in cells to remove DNA lesions, and several DNA polymerases are known to be the key components of these repair systems. In the past few years, a number of novel DNA polymerases have been discovered that likely function in replicative bypass of DNA damage missed by DNA repair enzymes or in specialized forms of repair. Furthermore, DNA polymerases can act as sensors in cell cycle checkpoint pathways that prevent entry into mitosis until damaged DNA is repaired and replication is completed. The list of DNA template-dependent eukaryotic DNA polymerases now consists of 14 enzymes with amazingly different properties. In this review, we discuss the possible functions of these polymerases in DNA damage repair, the replication of intact and damaged chromosomes, and cell cycle checkpoints.