Initial evaluation of the effects of aerosolized Florida red tide toxins (Brevetoxins) in persons with asthma
Initial evaluation of the effects of aerosolized Florida red tide toxins (Brevetoxins) in persons with asthma
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.7500
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发表时间：
2005-05-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Baden, DG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fleming, LE;Kirkpatrick, B;Baden, DG
佛罗里达赤潮每年发生在墨西哥湾，由海洋甲藻Karenia brevis的水华引起。短克雷伯菌产生高效天然聚醚毒素，称为短毒素，激活电压敏感性钠通道。在实验动物中，短鞭螺毒素会引起显著的支气管收缩。一项对前往海滩休闲的人进行的研究发现，在暴露于气溶胶化的佛罗里达赤潮后，自我报告的呼吸道症状显著增加。传闻报告表明，患有潜在呼吸道疾病的人可能特别容易受到这些雾化毒素的不利健康影响。59人与医生诊断的哮喘进行了评估1小时之前和之后去海滩的日子和没有佛罗里达赤潮。研究参与者通过简短的症状问卷、鼻和喉拭子以及国家职业安全与健康研究所批准的肺量计进行评估。环境监测、水和空气取样（即，K. brevis、brevetoxins和微粒大小分布）和个人监测（毒素）。通过液相色谱-质谱法、高效液相色谱法和新开发的短杆菌毒素酶联免疫吸附测定法测定短杆菌毒素浓度。参与者在佛罗里达赤潮暴露后报告呼吸道症状的可能性明显增加。受试者表现出1秒内用力呼气量、25 - 75%用力呼气流量和暴露后峰值呼气流量的小幅但统计学显著性降低，特别是那些经常使用哮喘药物的受试者。在非暴露期间的类似评价没有显著差异。这是第一项显示哮喘患者暴露于雾化佛罗里达赤潮毒素对健康造成客观可测量的不良影响的研究。今后的研究将审查这些毒素对哮喘和其他慢性呼吸障碍患者可能产生的慢性影响。
Florida red tides annually occur in the Gulf of Mexico, resulting from blooms of the marine dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. K brevis produces highly potent natural polyether toxins, known as brevetoxins, that activate voltage-sensitive sodium channels. In experimental animals, brevetoxins cause significant bronchoconstriction. A study of persons who visited the beach recreationally found a significant increase in self-reported respiratory symptoms after exposure to aerosolized Florida red tides. Anecdotal reports indicate that persons with underlying respiratory diseases may be particularly susceptible to adverse health effects from these aerosolized toxins. Fifty-nine persons with physician-diagnosed asthma were evaluated for 1 hr before and after going to the beach on days with and without Florida red tide. Study participants were evaluated with a brief symptom questionnaire, nose and throat swabs, and spirometry approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Environmental monitoring, water and air sampling (i.e., K. brevis, brevetoxins, and particulate size distribution), and personal monitoring (for toxins) were performed. Brevetoxin concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, and a newly developed brevetoxin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Participants were significantly more likely to report respiratory symptoms after Florida red tide exposure. Participants demonstrated small but statistically significant decreases in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75%, and peak expiratory flow after exposure, particularly those regularly using asthma medications. Similar evaluation during nonexposure periods did not significantly differ. This is the first study to show objectively measurable adverse health effects from exposure to aerosolized Florida red tide toxins in persons with asthma. Future studies will examine the possible chronic effects of these toxins among persons with asthma and other chronic respiratory impairment.