Genotypic diversity of the Asiatic black truffle, Tuber himalayense, collected in spontaneous and highly productive truffle grounds
Genotypic diversity of the Asiatic black truffle, Tuber himalayense, collected in spontaneous and highly productive truffle grounds
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DOI：
10.1007/s11557-020-01642-z
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发表时间：
2020-12-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Yamanaka, Takashi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nakamura, Noritaka;Abe, Junichi Peter;Yamanaka, Takashi
喜马拉雅块菌（Tuber himalayense）是亚洲黑块菌的一种，是印度块菌（Tuber indicum）的姊妹种。当地人口的繁殖松露的贡献显着，但细尺度的遗传结构的基本数据是缺乏亚洲松露物种。本研究首次报道了亚洲块菌T.喜马拉雅山块菌，在两个自发生产块菌的理由，彼此相距140米，日本山梨。2004年至2009年和2011年收集了子囊果。利用15个新开发的SSR标记和4个现有的SSR标记对样品的空间分布进行了记录，并对真菌个体的基因型多样性进行了研究。空间分布分析表明，非随机的，特定年份的聚集模式，在这两个地块的子囊果。然而，在整个采样期间没有观察到一致的趋势，结果位置既没有显示出明显的扩张，也没有稳定的位移。虽然只有一个单一的SSR基因型，代表一个gleba形成的母体个体，被检测到，基因型被进一步分为两个不同的交配类型，这表明多个，密切相关的个人是不可区分的SSR分析。结果表明，强大的创始效应沿着高近交的人口，可能是由于有限的传播机会到这些网站。尽管块菌地的遗传多样性较低，但在取样的几年里，这些地块仍然高产，这表明遗传多样性低并不一定对块菌生产产生不利影响，至少在几年内不会。
Tuber himalayense is a species of edible Asiatic black truffle which is sister to Tuber indicum. Local populations contribute significantly to the reproduction of truffles, but fundamental data of fine-scale genetic structure is lacking in Asiatic truffle species. In this study, we provide the first report on the genotypic diversity and spatial fruiting pattern of an Asiatic truffle T. himalayense, in two spontaneous productive truffle grounds 140 m apart from one another in Yamanashi, Japan. Ascocarps were collected from 2004 to 2009 and in 2011. The spatial distribution of samples was recorded and genotypic diversity of the fungal individuals was examined using 15 newly developed and 4 existing simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The spatial distribution analyses suggested non-random, year-specific aggregation patterns of ascocarps in both plots. However, no consistent tendency was observed across the entire sampling period, with fruiting positions showing neither an obvious expansion nor a steady displacement. Although only a single SSR genotype, representing one gleba-forming maternal individual, was detected, the genotype was further divided into two different mating types, suggesting multiple, closely related individuals that were indistinguishable using the SSR analysis. The results indicated strong founding effects along with high inbreeding within populations, likely due to the limited dispersal opportunities into these sites. Despite low genetic diversity in the truffle grounds, the plots remained productive over the sampling years, indicating that low genetic diversity does not necessarily have an adverse effect on truffle production, at least not during a period of several years.