FBDT: Forward and Backward Data Transmission Across RATs for High Quality Mobile 360-Degree Video VR Streaming
FBDT: Forward and Backward Data Transmission Across RATs for High Quality Mobile 360-Degree Video VR Streaming
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DOI：
10.1145/3587819.3590987
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发表时间：
2023-06
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Srinivasan;Samuel Shippey;Ehsan Aryafar;Jacob Chakareski
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作者：
S. Srinivasan;Samuel Shippey;Ehsan Aryafar;Jacob Chakareski
元宇宙包含众多虚拟世界，依赖于向虚拟现实（VR）/增强现实（AR）头戴设备传输高质量的360°视频。这种视频传输需要极高的数据速率，才能满足所有客户端期望的体验质量（QoE）。通过多种无线接入技术（RAT），如WiFi和WiGig同时进行数据传输，是满足这一容量需求的关键解决方案。然而，现有的传输层多RAT流量聚合方案存在队头（HoL）阻塞问题，以及在各RAT间流量分配不够优化的情况，尤其是当它们的信道条件波动较大时。因此，在许多实际场景中，比如客户端处于移动状态时，最先进的多路径传输控制协议（MPTCP）解决方案所能达到的聚合传输数据速率，比仅使用单一WiFi RAT时还要低。我们为利用多种RAT实现高质量的移动360°视频VR流传输做出了两项关键贡献。首先，我们提出了FBDT的设计，这是一种新颖的多路径传输层解决方案，尽管各RAT存在系统动态变化，它仍能实现各RAT单独传输速率的总和。我们在Linux内核中实现了FBDT，并展示了相对于最先进方案在传输吞吐量上的显著提升，例如，在VR客户端移动的双RAT场景（WiFi和WiGig）中，传输增益可达2.5倍。其次，我们通过考虑客户端探索360°全景的统计模型以及各RAT的传输数据速率，构建了一个优化问题，以最大化移动VR客户端的视口质量。我们探索了一种迭代方法来解决这个问题，并利用我们的测试平台通过测量驱动的模拟来评估其性能。结果表明，采用我们的优化框架后，视口质量提升了高达12分贝。
The metaverse encompasses many virtual universes and relies on streaming high-quality 360° videos to VR/AR headsets. This type of video transmission requires very high data rates to meet the desired Quality of Experience (QoE) for all clients. Simultaneous data transmission across multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) such as WiFi and WiGig is a key solution to meet this required capacity demand. However, existing transport layer multi-RAT traffic aggregation schemes suffer from Head-of-Line (HoL) blocking and sub-optimal traffic splitting across the RATs, particularly when there is a high fluctuation in their channel conditions. As a result, state-of-the-art multi-path TCP (MPTCP) solutions can achieve aggregate transmission data rates that are lower than that of using only a single WiFi RAT in many practical settings, e.g., when the client is mobile. We make two key contributions to enable high quality mobile 360° video VR streaming using multiple RATs. First, we propose the design of FBDT, a novel multi-path transport layer solution that can achieve the sum of individual transmission rates across the RATs despite their system dynamics. We implemented FBDT in the Linux kernel and showed substantial improvement in transmission throughput relative to state-of-the-art schemes, e.g, 2.5x gain in a dual-RAT scenario (WiFi and WiGig) when the VR client is mobile. Second, we formulate an optimization problem to maximize a mobile VR client's viewport quality by taking into account statistical models of how clients explore the 360° look-around panorama and the transmission data rate of each RAT. We explore an iterative method to solve this problem and evaluate its performance through measurement-driven simulations leveraging our testbed. We show up to 12 dB increase in viewport quality when our optimization framework is employed.