SOCIAL CATEGORIZATION AND SIMILARITY IN INTERGROUP BEHAVIOUR
SOCIAL CATEGORIZATION AND SIMILARITY IN INTERGROUP BEHAVIOUR
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/ejsp.2420030103
复制
发表时间：
1973-01-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
TAJFEL, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BILLIG, M;TAJFEL, H
本研究是探索社会分类在群体间行为中的作用的系列研究之一。在我们以前的研究中已经发现，在“最小”的情况下，即受试者根据他们所做的视觉判断或他们的审美偏好被归类为不同的群体，他们显然会歧视外群体的成员，尽管这并没有给他们带来个人优势。然而，在这些先前的研究中，分组仍然是基于被分配到同一类别的受试者之间的“真实的”相似性的某些标准。因此，本研究在没有任何真实的相似性的情况下，在一个明显随机的基础上建立了社会类别。结果发现，一旦“群体”的概念被引入到情境中，受试者仍然歧视那些被分配到另一个随机类别的人。这种歧视比根据个体间的相似性划分主体的歧视要明显得多，在这种情况下，“群体”的概念从未被明确引入。此外，还发现，公平性也是受试者决策的决定因素，并从其与群体间行为的社会认知理论的相关性的角度对结果进行了讨论。
The present study is one of a series exploring the role of social categorization in intergroup behaviour. It has been found in our previous studies that in ‚minimal' situations, in which the subjects were categorized into groups on the basis of visual judgments they had made or of their esthetic preferences, they clearly discriminated against members of an outgroup although this gave them no personal advantage. However, in these previous studies division into groups was still made on the basis of certain criteria of ‚real' similarity between subjects who were assigned to the same category. Therefore, the present study established social categories on an explicitly random basis without any reference to any such real similarity.It was found that, as soon as the notion of ‚group' was introduced into the situation, the subjects still discriminated against those assigned to another random category. This discrimination was considerably more marked than the one based on a division of subjects in terms of interindividual similarities in which the notion of ‚group' was never explicitly introduced. In addition, it was found that fairness was also a determinant of the subjects' decisions.The results are discussed from the point of view of their relevance to a social‐cognitive theory of intergroup behaviour.