Vertical deformation through a complete seismic cycle at Isla Santa Maria, Chile

Vertical deformation through a complete seismic cycle at Isla Santa Maria, Chile
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智利圣玛丽亚岛完整地震周期的垂直变形

DOI:
10.1038/ngeo2468
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
影响因子:
18.3
通讯作者:
Moreno
Moreno
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wesson;Melnick;Cisternas;Moreno

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个别的大地震被认为是释放了几个世纪以来由于构造板块的逐渐运动而积累起来的弹性应变能。然而,在一个完整的地震周期(两个连续的大地震和中间的地震间隔期)板块变形的知识仍然不完整。一个完整的地震周期始于1835年智利中南部的一次8.5级左右的地震(参考文献,),并于2010年以8.8级地震结束。在第一次地震中,圣玛利亚岛上升了2.4到3米。在第二次地震中,该岛被抬升了1.8米。在这里,我们使用1804年,1835年和1886年地震后进行的航海调查,以及2010年地震前后立即进行的现代回声测深仪调查和GPS测量,以量化整个地震周期的垂直变形。我们发现,在两次地震之间的时期,圣玛丽亚岛下沉了约1.4米。我们用有限元模型模拟了垂直变形的模式,发现它们与弹性回弹理论的预测大致一致。然而,与千年海岸线出现的地貌和地质记录相比,显示10-20%的垂直隆起可能是永久性的。
Individual great earthquakes are posited to release the elastic strain energy that has accumulated over centuries by the gradual movement of tectonic plates,. However, knowledge of plate deformation during a complete seismic cycle—two successive great earthquakes and the intervening interseismic period—remains incomplete. A complete seismic cycle began in south-central Chile in 1835 with an earthquake of about magnitude 8.5 (refs , ) and ended in 2010 with a magnitude 8.8 earthquake. During the first earthquake, an uplift of Isla Santa María by 2.4 to 3 m was documented,. In the second earthquake, the island was uplifted by 1.8 m. Here we use nautical surveys made in 1804, after the earthquake in 1835 and in 1886, together with modern echo sounder surveys and GPS measurements made immediately before and after the 2010 earthquake, to quantify vertical deformation through the complete seismic cycle. We find that in the period between the two earthquakes, Isla Santa María subsided by about 1.4 m. We simulate the patterns of vertical deformation with a finite-element model and find that they agree broadly with predictions from elastic rebound theory. However, comparison with geomorphic and geologic records of millennial coastline emergence,reveal that 10–20% of the vertical uplift could be permanent.
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