The inclusion of bias in reflective and reflexive research
The inclusion of bias in reflective and reflexive research
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将偏见纳入反思性和反思性研究
DOI：
10.1177/174498710501000305
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
S. Mantzoukas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Mantzoukas
在本文中，我探讨了偏见、研究和反思研究之间的关系。我认为，从定义上讲，偏见并不会对研究产生反作用，而且偏见的研究并不一定构成无效的研究。因此，我首先讨论偏见的概念及其与知识生产的关系是如何在科学史上发展起来的，以及它是如何在二十世纪通过借鉴艾尔、波普尔和维特根斯坦的工作而演变的。我继续认为，不能真诚地将偏见排除在研究过程之外，这与范式无关，将偏见排除在研究研究之外的前提是基于历史和意识形态的假设，这些假设一旦被推向逻辑结论，就站不住脚。尽管如此，我认为源自实证主义或后实证主义范式的研究需要继续努力消除或最小化偏见，因为这些是这些范式的基本规则。然而，对于非实证主义研究，它利用反思来揭示研究者的偏见，范例规则要求这些偏见应该包括在研究中，而不是排除在研究之外。因此，文章的结论是，这类研究是反身性研究，只有当研究人员的偏见完全纳入并在整个研究过程中变得透明时才是有效的。
In this paper I explore the relationship between bias, research and reflective studies. I argue that bias is not by definition counterproductive for research studies, and that biased studies do not necessarily constitute invalid research. Hence, I commence by discussing how the concept of bias and its relationship to knowledge production has developed within the history of science and how it has evolved during the twentieth century by drawing on the work of Ayer, Popper and Wittgenstein. I go on to argue that bias cannot sincerely be excluded from the research process, irrelevant of paradigm, and that the presupposition of excluding bias from research studies is based upon historical and ideological assumptions that, once pushed to their logical conclusion, do not hold ground. Nonetheless, I consider that research studies deriving from positivist or post-positivist paradigms will need to continue to strive for the elimination or minimisation of bias, because these are the fundamental rules of these paradigms. However, for non-positivist studies, which utilise reflection to reveal the researcher’s bias, the paradigmatic rules require that these biases should be included rather than excluded from the study. Thus, the article concludes by suggesting that such studies are reflexive studies which are valid only if the researcher’s bias is fully incorporated and becomes transparent throughout the study.