The Cost of Clean Water in the Delaware River Basin (USA)
The Cost of Clean Water in the Delaware River Basin (USA)
复制标题
特拉华河流域清洁水的成本（美国）
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. Kauffman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Kauffman
自1961年通过《特拉华州流域委员会（DRBC）契约》和20世纪70年代通过《联邦清洁水法》修正案以来，特拉华州河在半个世纪内取得了显著的恢复。在20世纪60年代，DRBC根据一项经济分析为河流设定了3.5 mg/L的溶解氧标准，该分析得出的结论是，旨在满足可捕鱼水质目标的废物负荷减少计划将产生显着的娱乐和环境效益。特拉华州河口项目的科学家最近呼吁将20世纪60年代特拉华州河沿着的溶解氧标准从3.5毫克/升提高到5.0毫克/升，以保护溯河产卵的美国鲱鱼和大西洋鲟鱼，并解决河口温度、海平面和盐度上升的前景。本研究的结论是，通过氮边际减排成本（MAC）分析，通过优先考虑农业保护和特拉华州河流域的一些废水处理投资，以每年1360万kg N去除90%的氮负荷，提高溶解氧水平以满足更严格的标准，这将是具有成本效益的（3000万磅N/年），仅占4.49亿美元总成本的35%（1.6亿美元）。为满足特拉华州河更严格的水质标准，每年减少氮负荷和提高溶解氧水平的最低成本总计为4500万美元，用于减少大气氮氧化物，1.3亿美元用于废水处理，1.32亿美元用于农业保护，1.41亿美元用于城市雨水改造。这项21世纪世纪最低成本分析估计，每年需要5000万美元的投资，以减少特拉华州河的污染物负荷，将溶解氧水平提高到4.0 mg/L，溶解氧水平达到4.5 mg/L需要1.5亿美元，溶解氧水平达到5.0 mg/L需要4.49亿美元。
The Delaware River has made a marked recovery in the half-century since the adoption of the Delaware River Basin Commission (DRBC) Compact in 1961 and passage of the Federal Clean Water Act amendments during the 1970s. During the 1960s, the DRBC set a 3.5 mg/L dissolved oxygen criterion for the river based on an economic analysis that concluded that a waste load abatement program designed to meet fishable water quality goals would generate significant recreational and environmental benefits. Scientists with the Delaware Estuary Program have recently called for raising the 1960s dissolved oxygen criterion along the Delaware River from 3.5 mg/L to 5.0 mg/L to protect anadromous American shad and Atlantic sturgeon, and address the prospect of rising temperatures, sea levels, and salinity in the estuary. This research concludes, through a nitrogen marginal abatement cost (MAC) analysis, that it would be cost-effective to raise dissolved oxygen levels to meet a more stringent standard by prioritizing agricultural conservation and some wastewater treatment investments in the Delaware River watershed to remove 90% of the nitrogen load by 13.6 million kg N/year (30 million lb N/year) for just 35% ($160 million) of the $449 million total cost. The annual least cost to reduce nitrogen loads and raise dissolved oxygen levels to meet more stringent water quality standards in the Delaware River totals $45 million for atmospheric NOX reduction, $130 million for wastewater treatment, $132 million for agriculture conservation, and $141 million for urban stormwater retrofitting. This 21st century least cost analysis estimates that an annual investment of $50 million is needed to reduce pollutant loads in the Delaware River to raise dissolved oxygen levels to 4.0 mg/L, $150 million is needed for dissolved oxygen levels to reach 4.5 mg/L, and $449 million is needed for dissolved oxygen levels to reach 5.0 mg/L.