Probing Kilonova Ejecta Properties Using a Catalog of Short Gamma-Ray Burst Observations
Probing Kilonova Ejecta Properties Using a Catalog of Short Gamma-Ray Burst Observations
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DOI：
10.3847/1538-4357/ac04b4
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发表时间：
2021-01
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通讯作者：
J. Rastinejad;W. Fong;C. Kilpatrick;K. Paterson;N. Tanvir;A. Levan;B. Metzger;E. Berger;R. Chornock;B. Cobb;T. Laskar;P. Milne;A. Nugent;N. Smith
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作者：
J. Rastinejad;W. Fong;C. Kilpatrick;K. Paterson;N. Tanvir;A. Levan;B. Metzger;E. Berger;R. Chornock;B. Cobb;T. Laskar;P. Milne;A. Nugent;N. Smith
GW170817和GRB 170817A以及AT 2017gfo的发现巩固了中子星合并、短伽马射线暴（GRBs）和千新星之间的联系。为了在不同的千新星行为背景下研究GRB的短期观测，我们提出了一个综合的光学和近红外目录，其中包括2005-2020年在时间尺度上小于12天发现的85个爆发。该样本包括以前未发表的23个爆发的观测结果，包括探测和深度上限。我们发现，在我们的星表中，11.8%和15.3%的短伽马射线暴的上限探测的亮度分别低于AT 2017gfo和基准中子星-黑洞千新星模型（用于极上方向）。我们量化了星表中最深处的极限所允许的喷出物质量，将14.1%的爆发中的蓝色和“极蓝”千新星分量限制在M ej≤0.01-0.1 M⊙。短伽马射线暴的样本对红色千新星成分没有特别的限制。受大目录的激励，以及对各种千禧年行为的模型预测，我们研究了改进的搜索策略，以用于未来对短grb的后续追踪。我们发现，地面光学和近红外观测在时间尺度上< 2天>可以在限制更多不同的结果中发挥重要作用。我们期望未来的短期GRB后续工作，如詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜，将千新星的可探测范围扩大到z≈1的红移。
The discovery of GW170817 and GRB 170817A in tandem with AT 2017gfo cemented the connection between neutron star mergers, short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), and kilonovae. To investigate short GRB observations in the context of diverse kilonova behavior, we present a comprehensive optical and near-IR catalog of 85 bursts discovered over 2005–2020 on timescales of ≲12 days. The sample includes previously unpublished observations of 23 bursts and encompasses both detections and deep upper limits. We identify 11.8% and 15.3% of short GRBs in our catalog with upper limits that probe luminosities lower than those of AT 2017gfo and a fiducial neutron star–black hole kilonova model (for pole-on orientations), respectively. We quantify the ejecta masses allowed by the deepest limits in our catalog, constraining blue and “extremely blue” kilonova components of 14.1% of bursts to M ej ≲ 0.01–0.1 M ⊙. The sample of short GRBs is not particularly constraining for red kilonova components. Motivated by the large catalog, as well as model predictions of diverse kilonova behavior, we investigate modified search strategies for future follow-up to short GRBs. We find that ground-based optical and near-IR observations on timescales of ≳2 days can play a significant role in constraining more diverse outcomes. We expect future short GRB follow-up efforts, such as from the James Webb Space Telescope, to expand the reach of kilonova detectability to redshifts of z ≈ 1.