Rotational grazing system for beef cows on dwarf napiergrass pasture oversown with Italian ryegrass for 2 years after establishment
Rotational grazing system for beef cows on dwarf napiergrass pasture oversown with Italian ryegrass for 2 years after establishment
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1744-697x.2005.00030.x
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发表时间：
2005-09
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Y. Ishii;M. Mukhtar;S. Idota;K. Fukuyama
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Ishii;M. Mukhtar;S. Idota;K. Fukuyama
我们研究了一个密集的轮牧系统的矮和晚抽穗（DL）的狼尾草（Pennisetum purpureum Schumach）牧场在夏季期间，和一个oversown意大利黑麦草（IR）牧场在冬季期间为2年后成立。2002年5月6日，建立了4个0.05公顷的DL狼尾草牧场（20 m × 25 m）。他们轮流放牧1周，然后是3周的休息期，由2-3个繁殖或饲养肉牛（日本黑）的三个和六个周期，在夏季期间的第一年和第二年的建立，分别。在IR牧场，这是建立在这两年，由3-4只动物进行轮牧3月和4月的两个周期的放牧1-2天，在每个围场在2003年和3-5天，在所有四个围场在2004年。放牧前DL狼尾草草地的株高、叶面积指数和茎叶比均在夏季高温时最高，而分蘖数和牧草质量随放牧的进行呈增加趋势，但第一放牧周期和第二年的1个围场除外。在第1年的第1 ~ 3个周期内，3个围场的牧草消耗量、牧草消耗率和干物质采食量均呈下降趋势，而在第2年随着放牧的进行，牧草消耗量和牧草消耗率呈上升趋势。第一年和第二年，四个围场的平均干物质摄入量分别为10.2-14.5和15.4-23.2 g DM kg-1活重（LW）day-1，第一年和第二年的平均日增重分别为0.09和0.35 kg头-1天-1。在过度播种的IR牧场，牧草消费量随着放牧的发生而增加，2003年和2004年的平均日增重分别为1.49和1.36 kg头-1天-1，除了2004年3月初第一个周期的LW减少。DL Napiergrass牧场和IR牧场的承载力在第一年分别估计为1016和208奶牛日（CD）ha−1（年总量为1224 CD ha−1），第二年分别为1355和207 CD ha−1（年总量为1562 CD ha−1）。因此，DL Napiergrass牧场覆盖IR可以扩大放牧期肉牛11月下旬，3月和4月，除了夏季为2年后建立。
We examined an intensive rotational grazing system for dwarf and late-heading (DL) napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) pasture in a summer period, and an oversown Italian ryegrass (IR) pasture in a winter period for the 2 years following establishment. Four 0.05-ha paddocks of DL napiergrass pasture (20 m × 25 m) were established on 6 May 2002. They were rotationally grazed for 1 week, followed by a 3-week rest period by 2–3 breeding or raising beef cattle (Japanese-Black) for three and six cycles in a summer period during the first and second years of establishment, respectively. In the IR pasture, which was established by oversowing IR in both years, rotational grazing by 3–4 animals was conducted in March and April for two cycles of grazing for 1–2 days in each paddock in 2003 and for 3–5 days in all four paddocks in 2004. In the DL napiergrass pasture before grazing, the plant height, leaf area index and the ratio of leaf blade to stem were highest in the hot summer season, while tiller number increased and herbage mass tended to increase as grazing occurred, except for the first grazing cycle both years, and for one paddock in the second year. Herbage consumption, rate of herbage consumption and dry matter intake tended to decrease in three paddocks from the first to the third cycle in the first year, while herbage consumption and rate of herbage consumption tended to increase as grazing occurred in the second year. Dry matter intake averaged 10.2–14.5 and 15.4–23.2 g DM kg−1 liveweight (LW) day−1 over the four paddocks in the first and second year, respectively, and average daily gains were 0.09 and 0.35 kg head−1 day−1 in the first and second year, respectively. In the oversown IR pasture, herbage consumption tended to increase as grazing occurred, and the average daily gains were 1.49 and 1.36 kg head−1 day−1 in 2003 and 2004, respectively, except for the LW decrease during the first cycle in early March 2004. The carrying capacities on DL napiergrass pasture and IR pasture were estimated at 1016 and 208 cow-days (CD) ha−1, respectively (annual total 1224 CD ha−1) in the first year and at 1355 and 207 CD ha−1, respectively (annual total 1562 CD ha−1) in the second year. Thus, DL napiergrass pasture oversown with IR can expand the grazing period for beef cows to late November, March and April, in addition to the summer season for the 2 years following establishment.