Conflict of interest in the evaluation and dissemination of "model" school-based drug and violence prevention programs
Conflict of interest in the evaluation and dissemination of "model" school-based drug and violence prevention programs
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DOI：
10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2007.06.004
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发表时间：
2007-11-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Conde, Eugenia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gorman, Dennis M.;Conde, Eugenia
利益冲突是指关于研究有效性的专业判断可能受到次要竞争利益影响的一组条件。在关于这种冲突的普遍性和对实证研究实践的影响的文献中，受到最多关注的竞争利益一直是调查人员和研究赞助者之间的财务关系。1993年，莫斯科维茨在这本杂志上提出了毒品预防方案评估中可能出现的利益冲突问题，但到目前为止，还没有人试图估计这个问题的范围。本研究使用以学校为基础的毒品和暴力预防干预措施的样本来解决这一问题，方法是首先确定方案开发人员和方案分销商之间存在的类型或关系，其次评估在同行评议期刊上发表的对这些方案的评估中有多少是由方案开发人员与独立评估小组进行的。所提供的数据表明，不涉及程序开发人员的已发表的评价相对较少，程序开发人员和程序发行商之间完全分离的情况也很少。以医学研究所研究诚信委员会的开放系统模型为框架，认为项目开发者和项目评估者的文化和规范从根本上是截然不同的，因此未能将这些角色分开会产生很大的利益冲突。(C)2007爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Conflict of interest refers to a set of conditions in which professional judgment concerning the validity of research might be influenced by a secondary competing interest. The competing interest that has received most attention in the literature addressing the prevalence and effects of such conflicts on the practice of empirical research has been that of financial relationships between investigators and research sponsors. The potential for conflicts of interest to arise in the evaluation of drug prevention programs was raised by Moskowitz in this journal in 1993, but to date there has been no attempt made to estimate the scope of this problem. The present study addressed this issue using a sample of "model" school-based drug and violence prevention interventions by first, identifying the types or relationships that exist between program developers and program distributors, and, second, by assessing how many of the evaluations of these programs published in peer-reviewed journals had been conducted by the developers of the programs compared to independent evaluation teams. The data presented indicate that there are relatively few published evaluations that do not involve program developers and that there are few instances in which there is complete separation between the program developer and program distributor. Using the open systems model of the Institute of Medicine Committee on Research Integrity as a framework, it is argued that the culture and norms of the program developer and those of the program evaluator are fundamentally distinct and therefore failure to separate these roles produces high potential for conflict of interest to arise. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.