Empirical estimates of kinetic energy from some recent U.S. tornadoes
Empirical estimates of kinetic energy from some recent U.S. tornadoes
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对美国最近一些龙卷风动能的实证估计
DOI：
10.1002/2014gl060441
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
T. Jagger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Fricker;J. Elsner;P. Camp;T. Jagger
最近一些龙卷风损害评估的数据用于通过增强的 Fujita (EF) 等级计算损害路径面积的百分比并估计动能。只有一小部分损坏区域获得最高损坏等级，并且该部分低于美国核管理委员会使用的模型。然而，根据每个 EF 等级的特征风速得出的动能估计值以及具有该等级的面积分数与使用模型百分比的动能估计值相匹配。平均而言，EF 等级越高，动能越大，但这种关系存在很大的可变性。研究中检查的 EF1 龙卷风的平均总动能为 0.61 TJ，而 EF2、EF3、EF4 和 EF5 龙卷风的平均总动能分别为 2.37 TJ、40.1 TJ、36.5 TJ 和 50.4 TJ。所检查的能量最强的龙卷风的最大损害等级为 EF3。
Data from some recent tornado damage assessments are used to compute the percentage of damage path area by enhanced Fujita (EF) rating and to estimate kinetic energy. Only a small fraction of the damage area gets the highest damage rating, and this fraction is lower than a model used by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. However, estimates of kinetic energy derived from a characteristic wind speed for each EF rating and the fraction of area with that rating match kinetic energy estimates using the model percentages. On average, the higher the EF rating, the larger the kinetic energy, but there is large variability in the relationship. The average total kinetic energy over the EF1 tornadoes examined in the study is 0.61 TJ, which compares with an average of 2.37 TJ, 40.1 TJ, 36.5 TJ, and 50.4 TJ for the EF2, EF3, EF4, and EF5 tornadoes, respectively. The most energetic tornado examined had a maximum damage rating of EF3.