Neural pathways link social support to attenuated neuroendocrine stress responses
Neural pathways link social support to attenuated neuroendocrine stress responses
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.01.038
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发表时间：
2007-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Lieberman, Matthew D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eisenberger, Naomi I.;Taylor, Shelley E.;Lieberman, Matthew D.
众所周知，缺乏社会支持是发病率和死亡率的主要风险因素，与吸烟、肥胖和高血压等风险因素相当。虽然有人假设社会支持可以通过减少对压力的生理反应来有益于健康，但这一过程的机制仍不清楚。此外，迄今为止，还没有研究调查将社会支持的经验转化为随后的健康结果的神经认知机制。为了研究这些过程，30名参与者完成了三项任务，其中日常社会支持，神经认知反应的社会压力，神经内分泌反应的社会压力进行了评估。在10天的时间里，那些经常与支持者互动的人表现出对社会压力源的皮质醇反应减弱。此外，更大的社会支持和减少皮质醇反应与减少活动的背侧前扣带皮层（dACC）和布罗德曼区（BA）8，以前与社会分离的困扰。最后，dACC和BA 8反应性的个体差异介导了高日常社会支持和低皮质醇反应性之间的关系，这样支持的个体表现出对社会应激的神经认知反应降低，这反过来又与神经内分泌应激反应降低有关。这项研究是第一个调查社会支持与健康关系的神经基础，并提供证据表明，社会支持可能最终通过减少对社会压力的神经和生理反应而有益于健康。(c)2007爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
It is well established that a lack of social support constitutes a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality, comparable to risk factors such as smoking, obesity, and high blood pressure. Although it has been hypothesized that social support may benefit health by reducing physiological reactivity to stressors, the mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. Moreover, to date, no studies have investigated the neurocognitive mechanisms that translate experiences of social support into the health outcomes that follow. To investigate these processes, thirty participants completed three tasks in which daily social support, neurocognitive reactivity to a social stressor, and neuroendocrine responses to a social stressor were assessed. Individuals who interacted regularly with supportive individuals across a 10-day period showed diminished cortisol reactivity to a social stressor. Moreover, greater social support and diminished cortisol responses were associated with diminished activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and Brodmann's area (BA) 8, regions previously associated with the distress of social separation. Lastly, individual differences in dACC and BA 8 reactivity mediated the relationship between high daily social support and low cortisol reactivity, such that supported individuals showed reduced neurocognitive reactivity to social stressors, which in turn was associated with reduced neuroendocrine stress responses. This study is the first to investigate the neural underpinnings of the social support-health relationship and provides evidence that social support may ultimately benefit health by diminishing neural and physiological reactivity to social stressors. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.