Commercialization of non-timber forest products in Amazonia
Commercialization of non-timber forest products in Amazonia
复制标题
亚马逊流域非木材林产品的商业化
DOI：
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发表时间：
1993
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E. M. Richards
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. M. Richards
本研究报告审查了开发亚马逊主要采掘产品的影响，并确定了影响采掘业群体可持续福利的主要因素。其中包括保有权不稳定、有利于替代土地用途的政策、aviamento、商业化制度、导致资源枯竭的商业压力（开采方法具有破坏性），以及出口市场的繁荣与萧条性质，这不可避免地导致合成或种植产品的替代。采掘主义的未来取决于是否通过市场、土地保有权和体制改革（即采掘保留地）以及通过综合自然森林管理实现成功的多样化来提高采掘者的报酬。在农林系统中种植以前的野生植物也应当给予高度优先。在目前的市场条件下，采掘主义本身在应对毁林压力方面具有很大的局限性，但在制定长期解决方案的同时，有重要的战略和人道主义理由支持采掘主义。
This study examines the impacts of the development of the principal extractive products of the Amazon and identifies the main factors affecting sustainable welfare benefits for extractive groups. These include tenure instability, policies favouring alternative land uses, aviamento, commercialization systems, commercial pressures resulting in resource depletion where the extraction method is destructive, and the boom-bust nature of export markets that inevitably lead to substitution by a synthetic or planted product. The future of extractivism depends on better remuneration for extractors, whether through the market or not, tenure and institutional reforms (i.e. extractive reserves), and successful diversification through integrated natural forest management. The cultivation of formerly wild plants in agroforestry systems should also be given high priority. Extractivism on its own, and under present market conditions, has major limitations as a response to deforestation pressures, but there are important strategic and humanitarian reasons for its support while longer term solutions are being developed.