What Do the Various Principles of Justice Mean Within the Concept of Benefit Sharing?
What Do the Various Principles of Justice Mean Within the Concept of Benefit Sharing?
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DOI：
10.1007/s11673-016-9706-4
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Dierickx, Kris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dauda, Bege;Denier, Yvonne;Dierickx, Kris
惠益分享的概念涉及对参与全球健康研究或生物勘探活动的参与者、社区和国家给予某种回报的行为。惠益分享的关键问题之一是支持在全球健康研究和生物勘探中实践这一概念的伦理理由或理由。本文评估了此类伦理理由之一及其对利益分享的意义，即正义。我们进行了系统回顾，绘制了与利益分享相关的各种正义原则，并分析了它们对利益分享概念的含义。正义的五项原则（交换性、分配性、全球性、程序性和补偿性）已被证明与全球健康研究和生物勘探中惠益分享的细微差别相关。审查结果表明，每一项正义原则都为不同的惠益分享理由提供了不同的视角。例如，交换正义提供了利益分享的基本原理，其重点是研究资助者和社区之间利益的公平交换。分配正义产生了利益共享的基本原理，其重点是改善弱势研究群体的健康需求。我们建议，一个良好的利益分享框架，特别是在全球卫生研究中，如果在制定过程中结合了所有正义原则，将会更加有益。尽管如此，仍需要进行实证研究来检验各种正义原则及其在全球卫生研究中利益相关者之间利益分享的细微差别。
The concept of benefit sharing pertains to the act of giving something in return to the participants, communities, and the country that have participated in global health research or bioprospecting activities. One of the key concerns of benefit sharing is the ethical justifications or reasons to support the practice of the concept in global health research and bioprospecting. This article evaluates one of such ethical justifications and its meaning to benefit sharing, namely justice. We conducted a systematic review to map the various principles of justice that are linked to benefit sharing and analysed their meaning to the concept of benefit sharing. Five principles of justice (commutative, distributive, global, procedural, and compensatory) have been shown to be relevant in the nuances of benefit sharing in both global health research and bioprospecting. The review findings indicate that each of these principles of justice provides a different perspective for a different benefit sharing rationale. For example, commutative justice provides a benefit sharing rationale that is focused on fair exchange of benefits between research sponsors and communities. Distributive justice produces a benefit sharing rationale that is focused on improving the health needs of the vulnerable research communities. We have suggested that a good benefit sharing framework particularly in global health research would be more beneficial if it combines all the principles of justice in its formulation. Nonetheless, there is a need for empirical studies to examine the various principles of justice and their nuances in benefit sharing among stakeholders in global health research.