Problematising policy: conceptions of 'child', 'disabled' and 'parents' in social policy in England
Problematising policy: conceptions of 'child', 'disabled' and 'parents' in social policy in England
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政策问题：英国社会政策中的“儿童”、“残疾人”和“父母”概念
DOI：
10.1080/13603116.2010.496197
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Goodley D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goodley D
全球残疾儿童政策目前正在经历一个迅速变化的过程。例如，在英国，转变的动力来自政府承认残疾儿童处于不利地位。事实上，目前的残疾儿童政策也是在更广泛的国际背景下制定的，在这种背景下，残疾人和儿童往往处于社会的边缘，被排除在教育和照顾之外，生活在贫困之中。这使我们考虑如何在政策中对“残疾儿童”进行概念化。我们提出这个问题时，心里有一个项目，“每个孩子都重要吗，后布莱尔：残疾儿童的相互联系”，这是一个由经济和社会研究理事会资助的两年期项目（http：//www.rihsc.mmu.ac.uk/postblairproject/）。我们的职责之一是了解英国残疾儿童的生活现实，这里我们关注的是英国社会政策中的“儿童”、“残疾人”和“父母”的政策概念。尽管《联合国儿童权利公约》及其特别关注“残疾儿童”的需要（第23条），但研究表明，公约的适度要求在很大程度上仍未得到满足。《联合国残疾人权利公约》也塑造了全球格局。该公约要求批准该公约的每个国家定期提交进展报告。这些政策如何影响残疾儿童及其家庭的素质仍然是一个关键的争论点。事实上，有一种危险是，接受新自由主义公民模式和儿童发展规范性叙述的新政策将残疾儿童排除在他们声称帮助塑造的社区之外。在本文中，我们将采取一个关键的看看“残疾儿童”是如何概念化，并在这个时代或全球儿童公民与英国的具体重点构成。我们认为，在该国的政策借鉴了一个有问题的概念“残疾人”和“儿童”的方式，本质上重建发展主义的暴政和框架的母亲作为社会和发展变化的关键代理人。这些话语和概念资源有可能为残疾儿童及其家庭重新创造一种排斥性的政策环境。
Global policy for disabled children is currently experiencing a process of rapid change. In England, for example, the impetus for transformation has arisen from the government's acknowledgement that disabled children are disadvantaged. Indeed, the current policy for disabled children is also set within a wider international context in which disabled people and children are often positioned on the margins of society, excluded from education and care and living in poverty. This leads us to consider how the ‘disabled child’ is conceptualised within policy. We pose this question with a project in mind, ‘Does every child matter, Post‐Blair: Interconnections of disabled childhoods’, a two‐year project funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (http://www.rihsc.mmu.ac.uk/postblairproject/). Part of our remit is to make sense of the lived realities of being a disabled child in Britain and here our concern is policy conceptions of ‘child’, ‘disabled’ and ‘parent’ in social policy in England. Despite the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and its specific focusing on the needs of ‘children with disabilities’ (Article 23), research suggests that the modest requirements of the convention remain largely unmet. The global landscape has also been shaped by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The Convention requires each country, which ratifies it, to submit regular reports on its progress. How these policies impact on the makings of disabled children and their families remains a key point of debate. Indeed, there is a danger that new policies that embrace neo‐liberal models of citizenship and normative narratives of child development exclude disabled children from the very communities they purport to help shape. In this paper, we will take a critical look at how the ‘disabled child’ is conceptualised and constituted in this era or global childhood citizenship with a specific focus on the UK. We consider the ways in which policies in the country draw on a problematic notion of ‘disabled’ and ‘child’, intrinsically recreate the tyranny of developmentalism and frame the mother as the key agent of social and developmental change. These discursive and conceptual resources are in danger of recreating an exclusionary policy context for disabled children and their families.