Behavioural differences underlie toxicity and predation variation in blooms of Prymnesium parvum
Behavioural differences underlie toxicity and predation variation in blooms of Prymnesium parvum
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行为差异是小金藻水华毒性和捕食变异的基础
DOI：
10.1111/ele.14172
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Bower, Jessica A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Driscoll, William W.;Wisecaver, Jennifer H.;Hackett, Jeremiah D.;Espinosa, Noelle J.;Padway, Jared;Engers, Jessica E.;Bower, Jessica A.
有毒藻华（TABs）的大部分进化生态学仍不清楚，包括藻毒素在形成TAB的物种的适应性“策略”中的作用。大多数真核生物TAB是由混合营养体引起的，混合营养体用有机营养源增加自养，包括竞争性藻类（行会内捕食）。我们利用由有毒的、侵入性的混合营养型Prymnesium parvum形成的TAB的长期多样性，使用直接观察以及遗传上不同的低毒性和高毒性分离株之间的比较，来识别参与毒素辅助捕食的细胞水平行为。结果表明，P.细小毒素主要在近距离释放，并促进随后的猎物捕获/消耗。令人惊讶的是，我们发现不同毒性分离株之间对有机（猎物来源）和无机营养素的差异性趋化偏好，分别表明毒性和摄食的行为整合。因此，毒性的变化可能反映了关键性状的更广泛的表型整合，这些性状最终有助于入侵种群的显着灵活性，多样性和成功。
Much of the evolutionary ecology of toxic algal blooms (TABs) remains unclear, including the role of algal toxins in the adaptive ‘strategies’ of TAB‐forming species. Most eukaryotic TABs are caused by mixotrophs that augment autotrophy with organic nutrient sources, including competing algae (intraguild predation). We leverage the standing diversity of TABs formed by the toxic, invasive mixotrophPrymnesium parvumto identify cell‐level behaviours involved in toxin‐assisted predation using direct observations as well as comparisons between genetically distinct low‐ and high‐toxicity isolates. Our results suggest thatP. parvumtoxins are primarily delivered at close range and promote subsequent prey capture/consumption. Surprisingly, we findoppositechemotactic preferences for organic (prey‐derived) and inorganic nutrients between differentially toxic isolates, respectively, suggesting behavioural integration of toxicity and phagotrophy. Variation in toxicity may, therefore, reflect broader phenotypic integration of key traits that ultimately contribute to the remarkable flexibility, diversity, and success of invasive populations.