Japan’s epoch-making health-insurance reforms, 1937-1945
Japan’s epoch-making health-insurance reforms, 1937-1945
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日本划时代的医疗保险改革，1937-1945
DOI：
10.1080/09555803.2012.741141
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
杉田 米行
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Masamichi Ikawa;Makoto Yoneda;Masashi Tanaka;大平友宇;杉田 米行
本文回顾了日本在 1937 年至 1945 年亚太战争期间进行的划时代的健康保险改革。这些改革最终导致 1942 年《健康保险法》和《国民健康保险法》的修订以及《国民医疗法》的颁布。本文讨论的问题，首先是这一时期日本医疗保险制度的改革，其次是这些改革的历史意义。本文围绕战时医疗保险改革的三个要素——扩大参保人数、转变医生支付制度和提供便捷的医疗机构就医服务——提出了以下假设：1922年设立的日本健康保险，其主要目的是维持和恢复劳动者的健康和体力劳动能力，并在他们患病或受伤期间为其提供经济援助，但已质变为财政依赖于国家的准公共援助项目战时建立的制度环境促进了战后医疗保险支出的增长。
This article presents an examination of Japan's epoch-making health-insurance reforms undertaken during the Asia-Pacific War between 1937 and 1945. These reforms culminated in amendments to the Health Insurance Law and the National Health Insurance Law in 1942, along with the enactment of the National Medical Treatment Law. The issues addressed in this article are, firstly, the kind of reforms of Japan's health-insurance programs that took place during this period, and secondly, the historical significance of these reforms. Focusing on three elements of the wartime health-insurance reforms – expansion of the number of insured people, transformation of payment system to physicians and provision of easy access to medical institutions – this article examines the following hypothesis: Japanese Health Insurance, established in 1922, which primarily aimed at maintaining and restoring workers’ health and physical work capability, and providing them with economic assistance during those times when they suffered from sickness or injury, was qualitatively transformed to quasi-public-assistance programs with financial dependence on the state during wartime, which established an institutional setting that contributed to the rise of health-insurance expenditure in the post-war era.