STEM-BORER ECOLOGY AND STRATEGY FOR CONTROL
STEM-BORER ECOLOGY AND STRATEGY FOR CONTROL
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1744-7348.1976.tb01736.x
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发表时间：
1976-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
BOWDEN, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BOWDEN, J
作者认为，在害虫状况评估和防治中，也攻击野草(特别是如果谷物不是害虫的本地食用植物)的谷类茎秆害虫应被视为禾本科害虫，而不只是栽培谷物的害虫。他通过对芝麻亚种的研究说明了这一概念。Penniseta Pennisetum Purpureum(Pennisetum Purpureum)，是引进的玉米的一种害虫。对其在象草和双季玉米上的生活史以及它们在西非气候条件下的相互作用的研究表明，第一批玉米作物(3-4月种植)将不会发生虫害，第二批玉米(8-10月种植)将受到严重侵害；考虑到该地区的降雨时间决定了玉米的种植时间，以及象草作为替代粮食作物的存在，这是不可避免的，只有通过使用杀虫剂、开发抗病玉米品种或抑制第二种玉米作物才能避免这种情况。请注意其他本地禾本科植物，如高粱和狼尾草对其害虫的适应，其危害最小，但保持害虫及其天敌的来源，可对没有这些适应能力的引进谷物物种或品种产生毁灭性影响。此外，还提请注意锯缘斑潜蝇Poeonoma serrata(HMPS.)生活史的差异以及天气对其生活史的不同影响。在大片象草林地的中心和外部，以及这对在谷物或甘蔗田不同地区类似情况下的化学和生物防治的影响。作者建议使用象草作为一种有用的实验工具，在某种程度上，象草是非洲大多数主要谷物钻杆害虫的栖息地。
The author postulates that cereal stem-borers that also attack wild grasses (especially if the cereals are not native food-plants of the borers) should be considered for the purposes of pest-status assessment and control as pests of Gramineae rather than as pests of the cultivated cereals only. He illustrates this concept by a study of Sesamia nonagrioides subsp. botanephaga Tams & Bowden (S. botanephaga), which is known in West Africa on several species of grass permitting the development of large larvae, especially elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) but is a pest of the introduced crop maize. Study of its life-cycles on elephant grass and double-crop maize and of the interactions between them in the climatic conditions of West Africa, shows that the first maize crop (planted in March-April) will be free of infestation and the second (planted in August-October) will be severely attacked; this is inevitable given the rainfall times in the region, which dictate the planting time of maize, and the presence of elephant grass as an alternative food-plant, and can only be obviated by insecticide applications, development of resistant maize varieties or the suppression of the second maize crop. Attention is drawn to the adaptations of other native Gramineae, such as Sorghum and Pennisetum spp., to their pests by which damage is minimised but a source of pests and their natural enemies is maintained that can have a devastating effect on introduced cereal species or varieties that do not have these adaptations. Attention is also drawn to the differences in life-cycle, and to the differing effects of weather on this life-cycle, of Poeonoma serrata (Hmps.) in central and outside parts of large stands of elephant grass, and to the implications of this for chemical and biological control of stem borers in similar situations in different parts of a cereal or sugar-cane field. The author recommends the use of elephant grass which to some extent harbours most of the major cereal stem-borers in Africa, as a useful experimental tool.