Cold and heat tolerance of drosophilid flies with reference to their latitudinal distributions
Cold and heat tolerance of drosophilid flies with reference to their latitudinal distributions
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s00442-004-1605-4
复制
发表时间：
2004-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Kimura, MT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kimura, MT
对采自日本寒温带(札幌)、暖温带(东京和京都)和亚热带(伊里奥莫特岛)的30种果蝇的耐热性与纬度分布的关系进行了研究。此外，还对采自两个地区的5种植物进行了种内变异分析。亚热带品系的耐寒性较温带品系差。然而，这两个地理品系之间的耐寒性差异远远小于亚热带和温带物种之间的差异。冷、暖温性品系间的耐热性差异不显著。因此，物种内耐热性的地理差异很低或可以忽略不计。通过系统发育独立对比进行的种间比较表明，分布在高纬度的北部边界的物种通常比边界位于低纬度的物种更耐冷。然而，一些物种的数据并不符合这一趋势。利用人工保护的温暖场所越冬、竞争或捕食也会影响它们的分布。研究还表明，南部边界位于较高纬度的物种通常更耐寒。获得耐寒能力可能会降低苍蝇在温暖气候下竞争、生存或繁殖的能力。另一方面，耐热性与纬度分布无关。居住在开阔地带或林冠上的物种比居住在森林下层的物种耐热性更高。
The relation between thermal tolerance and latitudinal distribution was studied with 30 drosophilid species collected from the cool-temperate region (Sapporo), the warm-temperate region (Tokyo and Kyoto) and the subtropical region (Iriomote island) in Japan. In addition, intraspecific variation was examined for five species collected from two localities. The subtropical strains of Scaptodrosophila coracina, Drosophila bizonata and D. daruma were less tolerant to cold than their temperate strains. However, the difference of cold tolerance between these two geographic strains was much smaller than the difference between the species restricted to the subtropical region and those occurring in the temperate region. In D. auraria and D. suzukii, no difference was observed in thermal tolerance between their cool- and warm-temperate strains. Thus, geographic variation in thermal tolerance within species was low or negligible. Interspecific comparisons by phylogenetic independent contrasts revealed that species which had the northern boundaries of their distributions at higher latitudes were generally more tolerant to cold than those which had their boundaries at lower latitudes. However, the data for some species did not agree with this trend. The use of man-protected warm places for overwintering, competition or predation would also affect their distributions. It also appeared that species which had their southern boundaries at higher latitudes were generally more cold-tolerant. The acquisition of cold tolerance may lower a fly's capacity to compete, survive or reproduce in warmer climates. On the other hand, no relation was observed between heat tolerance and latitudinal distribution. Heat tolerance was higher in species inhabiting openlands or the forest canopy than in those inhabiting the forest understorey.