How anorexic-like are the symptom and personality profiles of aesthetic athletes?
How anorexic-like are the symptom and personality profiles of aesthetic athletes?
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DOI：
10.1249/01.mss.0000210188.70295.c0
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发表时间：
2006-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Constantini, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bachner-Melman, R;Zohar, AH;Constantini, N
目的：我们测试了这样的假设：审美运动员（AA）具有厌食症样的饮食态度和行为，具有完美主义和强迫症等人格特征，并且饮食失调的风险很高。方法：我们比较了四组以色列女性的症状、神经性厌食症的典型性格变量和终生饮食失调患病率：31 名厌食症患者，111 名 AA（主要是舞者）。 68 名非审美运动员 (NAA) 和 248 名对照者。所有参与者都完成了症状学、避免伤害的自我报告措施。完美主义、强迫症、自尊心和自我评价的面部吸引力，并筛查饮食失调。使用 DSM-IV 的结构化临床访谈对那些筛查呈阳性的人进行访谈和诊断。结果：厌食症女性的得分与其他三组的得分在所有变量的预期方向上都有所不同。 NAA 的得分与对照组相似，但身体满意度更高，对瘦身的渴望更小。令人惊讶的是，AA 在任何自我报告指标上与对照组女性没有差异。然而，AA (11.7%) 明显多于 NAA (5.8%)，而对照组 (4.4%) 终生诊断为未另行指定的饮食失调 (EDNOS)。 13 位终生有 EDNOS 病史的 AA 的饮食态度和行为介于厌食症女性和对照组之间，而她们的性格特征与对照组相似。结论：在以色列，作为一名不注重审美的女运动员似乎可以促进身体自尊，并在一定程度上避免过度关注节食。 AA 似乎也享有良好的心理健康状况：然而，一个亚群体患有 EDNOS，并且似乎没有接受适当的治疗。这些结果为运动厌食症诊断实体的存在提供了可信度，运动厌食症被认为是一种亚临床的、受环境影响的饮食失调症，具有良好的预后。
Purpose: We tested the hypothesis that aesthetic athletes (AA) have anorexic-like eating attitudes and behaviors, share personality characteristics such as perfectionism and obsessiveness, and are at high risk of eating disorders. Methods: We compared symptomatology, personality variables typical of anorexia nervosa, and lifetime eating disorder prevalence across four groups of Israeli women: 31 anorexics, 111 AA (mostly dancers). 68 nonaesthetic athletes (NAA), and 248 controls. All participants completed self-report measures of symptomatology, harm avoidance. perfectionism, obsessiveness, self-esteem, and self-rated facial attractiveness and were screened for eating disorders. Those screening positively were interviewed and diagnosed using the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV. Results: Scores of the anorexic women differed from those of the three other groups in the expected direction on all variables. NAA scored similarly to controls, but had greater body satisfaction and less drive for thinness Surprisingly, the AA did not differ from control women on any self-report measure. However, significantly more AA (11.7%) than NAA (5.8%) and controls (4.4%) had a lifetime diagnosis of eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS). The eating attitudes and behavior of the 13 AA with a lifetime history of EDNOS fell intermediately between the anorexic women and the controls, whereas their personality profile resembled that of controls. Conclusions: Being a nonaesthetic female athlete in Israel appears to promote body esteem and offer some protection from a preoccupation with dieting. AA also appear to enjoy excellent psychological health: however, a subgroup has EDNOS and appears not to receive appropriate treatment for it. These results lend credibility to the existence of the diagnostic entity of anorexia athletica, proposed to be a subclinical, environmentally influenced eating disorder with a favorable prognosis.