Origins of children's externalizing behavior problems in low-income families: toddlers' willing stance toward their mothers as the missing link.
Origins of children's externalizing behavior problems in low-income families: toddlers' willing stance toward their mothers as the missing link.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954579413000254
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发表时间：
2013-11
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Boldt LJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kochanska G;Kim S;Boldt LJ
虽然儿童在社会化中的积极作用早已得到承认，但相关研究通常集中在儿童的困难气质或引发强制和对抗过程的消极行为上，很大程度上忽视了他们作为积极、自愿、甚至热情、积极的社会化代理人的能力。我们研究了186个24-44个月大的低收入儿童对母亲的意愿和接受态度。验证性因子分析支持意愿立场的潜在构念，表现为儿童在自然互动中对母亲的反应，在教学环境中的反应性模仿，以及对母亲禁令的承诺遵守，这些都在实验室中观察到。结构方程模型分析证实，生态逆境破坏了母亲的反应性，而反应性反过来又与儿童的意愿立场有关。一个妥协的意愿立场预测外化行为问题，10个月后评估，并充分调解产妇反应和这些结果之间的联系。生态逆境对内化行为问题有直接的、无中介的影响。考虑到儿童的积极作用是自愿的，能够接受父母影响的接受主体，可以更全面地理解将生态逆境与反社会发展途径联系起来的有害机制。它还可以为规范社会化过程的研究提供信息，与发展精神病理学的目标一致。
Although children's active role in socialization has been long acknowledged, relevant research has typically focused on children's difficult temperament or negative behaviors that elicit coercive and adversarial processes, largely overlooking their capacity to act as positive, willing, even enthusiastic, active socialization agents. We studied the willing, receptive stance toward their mothers in 186 24-44-month-old children in a low-income sample. Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported a latent construct of willing stance, manifested as children's responsiveness to mothers in naturalistic interactions, responsive imitation in teaching contexts, and committed compliance with maternal prohibitions, all observed in the laboratory. Structural Equation Modeling analyses confirmed that ecological adversity undermined maternal responsiveness and responsiveness, in turn, was linked to children's willing stance. A compromised willing stance predicted externalizing behavior problems, assessed 10 months later, and fully mediated the links between maternal responsiveness and those outcomes. Ecological adversity had a direct, unmediated effect on internalizing behavior problems. Considering children's active role as willing, receptive agents capable of embracing parental influence can lead to a more complete understanding of detrimental mechanisms that link ecological adversity with antisocial developmental pathways. It can also inform research on the normative socialization process, consistent with the objectives of developmental psychopathology.