Functional output improvement in FES cycling by means of forced smooth pedaling.
Functional output improvement in FES cycling by means of forced smooth pedaling.
复制标题
通过强制平稳踩踏提高 FES 骑行中的功能输出。
DOI：
10.1249/mss.0b013e3180334966
复制
发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
A. Straube
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Szécsi;P. Krause;S. Krafczyk;T. Brandt;A. Straube
目的
强迫光滑和正常(非光滑)踏板对脊髓损伤受试者户外功能性神经肌肉电刺激(FES)驱动骑行功能输出的影响。
科目
12例完全性脊髓损伤(T4-T12)，既往有限的FES训练。
方法
每个受试者都参加了两次不同的户外训练：第一次是以固定档位踩三轮车，第二次是自由踩同一辆三轮车；两次都是在FES的情况下。收集了直到筋疲力尽的距离、节奏和踏板力量的数据。能量平衡计算导致对挺举损失和关节相关的同心/偏心功进行评估。
结果
第一次试行距离和总路程在强制流畅自行车训练阶段比自由自行车训练阶段分别长68%和103%(P<；0.001)。在非稳定循环阶段产生的额外曲柄功(伴随着增加的同心功产生)明显多于固定齿轮踏板时产生的额外曲柄功，以克服自由时增加的挺举损失。在固定齿轮踏板时，肌肉作功产生的时间和关节位置与健康受试者骑车时更相似，这是因为大部分功是由前一种踏板模式下力量相的伸膝产生的。
结论
就功能输出距离而言，强制平稳自行车相对于自由自行车的优势是基于更少的能量消耗(较少的挺举损失和肌肉紧张)和更有效的能量产生(更有效的计时和工作生产的联合位置)。一些对固定齿轮循环有利的能量机制主要在非稳定阶段工作；另一些在循环的所有阶段都持续工作。
PURPOSE
Investigation of the influence of forced smooth and normal (nonsmooth) pedaling on the functional output of outdoor functional neuromuscular electrical stimulation (FES)-propelled cycling of spinal cord-injured subjects.
SUBJECTS
Twelve subjects with complete spinal cord injury (T4-T12) and limited previous FES training.
METHOD
Each subject participated in two separate outdoor sessions: once while pedaling a tricycle in a fixed gear, and a second time while free pedaling the same tricycle; both times with FES. Data on distance covered until exhaustion, cadence, and pedal forces were collected. Energy balance calculations led to evaluations of jerk loss and joint-related concentric/eccentric work.
RESULTS
First-trial and total session distances were 68 and 103% longer, respectively, in the forced smooth cycling session than in the free cycling session (P < 0.001). Significantly more additional crank work (accompanied by increased concentric work production) was generated in nonsteady cycling phases to overcome increased jerk losses during free than during fixed-gear pedaling. During fixed-gear pedaling, timing and joint location of muscle work generation were more similar to the cycling of able-bodied subjects than during freewheel pedaling, because most work was generated by knee extensors in the power phase during the former pedaling mode.
CONCLUSIONS
The superiority of forced smooth cycling to free cycling, as regards functional output distance, is based on less energy expenditure (less jerk loss and muscle tension) and on more efficient production of energy (more efficient timing and joint location of work production). Some energetic mechanisms that are advantageous for fixed-gear cycling act predominantly in unsteady phases; others work continuously during all phases of cycling.