Cryobiotechnology: A Double-Edged Sword for Obligate Plant Pathogens
Cryobiotechnology: A Double-Edged Sword for Obligate Plant Pathogens
复制标题
低温生物技术：针对专性植物病原体的双刃剑
DOI：
10.1094/pdis-11-18-1989-fe
复制
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Wang Qiaochun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhao Lei;Wang Minrui;Li Jingwei;Cui Zhenhua;Volk Gayle M.;Wang Qiaochun
苗圃需要无病原的原种作为繁殖材料，国家或地区之间通过检疫计划进行种质交换需要健康材料。此外，植物基因库也更喜欢保存无病原体的种质资源。茎尖冷冻疗法是一种新的生物技术方法，利用超低温保存方法从无性繁殖植物中根除专性病原体。病原体的长期保存在所有类型的病毒相关基础研究和应用中都是必要的，例如通过基于免疫学的方法进行病毒检测的抗原制备、基于植物的疫苗的生产、用于生产病毒衍生的抗性转基因植物的遗传转化以及用于生产纳米药物的生物纳米技术。专性植物病原体如病毒和类病毒是细胞内寄生物，其仅定殖宿主的活细胞。因此，很难长期保存。冷冻处理不能完全根除不感染分生组织细胞的专性病原体，并且从冷冻处理中回收的一定比例的植物仍然是病原体感染的。此外，冷冻处理通常不能根除感染分生组织细胞的专性病原体。超低温保存可用于专性植物病原体的长期超低温保存。因此，低温生物技术是一把双刃剑，既可用于植物病原菌的根除，又可用于植物的超低温保存。本文综述了超低温保存技术在植物病原菌根除和超低温保存方面的最新进展。
Pathogen-free stock plants are required as propagation materials in nurseries and healthy materials are needed in germplasm exchange between countries or regions through quarantine programs. In addition, plant gene banks also prefer to maintain pathogen-free germplasm collections. Shoot tip cryotherapy is a novel biotechnology method whereby cryopreservation methods are used to eradicate obligate pathogens from vegetatively propagated plants. Long-term preservation of pathogens is necessary in all types of virus-related basic research and applications such as antigen preparation for virus detection by immunology-based methods, production of plant-based vaccines, genetic transformation to produce virus-derived resistant transgenic plants, and bionanotechnology to produce nano drugs. Obligate plant pathogens such as viruses and viroids are intracellular parasites that colonize only living cells of the hosts. Therefore, their long-term preservation is difficult. Cryotreatments cannot completely eradicate the obligate pathogens that do not infect meristematic cells and certain proportions of plants recovered from cryotreatments are still pathogen-infected. Furthermore, cryotreatments often fail to eradicate the obligate pathogens that infect meristematic cells. Cryopreservation can be used for the long-term cryopreservation of the obligate plant pathogens. Thus, cryobiotechnology functions as a double-edged sword for plant pathogen eradication and cryopreservation. This review provides updated a synthesis of advances in cryopreservation techniques for eradication and cryopreservation of obligate plant pathogens.