What Constitutes a Natural Fire Regime? Insight from the Ecology and Distribution of Coniferous Forest Birds in North America
What Constitutes a Natural Fire Regime? Insight from the Ecology and Distribution of Coniferous Forest Birds in North America
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什么构成了自然火灾制度？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Walters
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. L. Hutto;C. Conway;V. Saab;J. Walters
专门利用烧毁的森林条件的鸟类物种可以提供与它们在进化过程中所占据的森林类型相关的史前火灾制度的见解。它们适应的性质反映了欧洲定居后人类非自然影响之前发生的特定火灾后条件。具体而言，火灾后的条件下，巢址的位置，和社会系统的两个物种（巴赫曼的麻雀[Aimophila aestivalis]和红冠啄木鸟[Picoides borealis]）表明，史前，频繁的，低的严重程度的火灾制度的特点，东南松系统，他们在其中演变。与此相反，其他几种鸟类（黑背啄木鸟[Picoides arcticus]、黄胸霸鹟[Empidonax fulvifrons]、刘易斯啄木鸟[Melanerpes lewis]、北方鹰鸮[Surnia ulula]和克特兰莺[Dendroica kirtlandii]）的分布和丰度模式表明，严重的火灾是它们进化的火灾制度的重要组成部分。后一物种的栖息地使用模式表明，严重的火灾不仅是高海拔和高纬度针叶林类型的重要组成部分，这是已知的主要由这样的火灾，但也中海拔，甚至低海拔针叶林类型，通常不认为有高的严重性火灾作为其自然火灾制度的一个组成部分。由于植物和动物的适应性可以作为可靠的信息来源，什么构成了一个自然的火政权，它可能是明智的，以补充传统的历史方法，仔细考虑有关的信息，植物和动物的适应性时，试图恢复什么被认为是自然的火政权。
Bird species that specialize in the use of burned forest conditions can provide insight into the prehistoric fire regimes associated with the forest types that they have occupied over evolutionary time. The nature of their adaptations reflects the specific post-fire conditions that occurred prior to the unnatural influence of humans after European settlement. Specifically, the post-fire conditions, nest site locations, and social systems of two species (Bachman’s sparrow [Aimophila aestivalis] and red-cockaded woodpecker [Picoides borealis]) suggest that, prehistorically, a frequent, low-severity fire regime characterized the southeastern pine system in which they evolved. In contrast, the patterns of distribution and abundance for several other bird species (black-backed woodpecker [Picoides arcticus], buff-breasted flycatcher [Empidonax fulvifrons], Lewis’ woodpecker [Melanerpes lewis], northern hawk owl [Surnia ulula], and Kirtland’s warbler [Dendroica kirtlandii]) suggest that severe fire has been an important component of the fire regimes with which they evolved. Patterns of habitat use by the latter species indicate that severe fires are important components not only of higher-elevation and high-latitude conifer forest types, which are known to be dominated by such fires, but also of mid-elevation and even low-elevation conifer forest types that are not normally assumed to have had high-severity fire as an integral part of their natural fire regimes. Because plant and animal adaptations can serve as reliable sources of information about what constitutes a natural fire regime, it might be wise to supplement traditional historical methods with careful consideration of information related to plant and animal adaptations when attempting to restore what are thought to be natural fire regimes.