Engineered Schwann Cell-Based Therapies for Injury Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction.
Engineered Schwann Cell-Based Therapies for Injury Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction.
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DOI：
10.3389/fncel.2022.865266
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
与中枢神经系统相比，成人周围神经系统具有显著的再生能力，这是由于周围神经中雪旺细胞（Schwann cells，SC）具有很强的可塑性。在周围神经损伤后，SC去分化并转化为修复表型，并且在轴突再生、髓鞘形成以及轴突和髓鞘碎片的清除中起关键作用。鉴于干细胞对周围神经长段缺损的自我修复能力有限，通过基因修饰或干细胞移植在坏死区补充干细胞或构建组织工程化神经结合生物活性支架修复此类组织缺损具有重要的临床价值。本文从神经干细胞的发育谱系和周围神经损伤后的基因调控网络出发，综述了利用最新基因修饰技术构建的神经干细胞修复周围神经损伤的可能性。雪旺细胞复合材料构建的组织工程神经具有与自体神经移植相似的治疗效果，是PNI修复的金标准。本文就近年来雪旺细胞复合生物材料修复PNI的研究进展作一综述。基于供体来源的困难，本文还讨论了“无限”提供能够指导分化或将现有体细胞转化为诱导的SC的多能干细胞的潜力。这些概念和治疗策略的总结使其能够更有效地用于PNI的修复。
Compared with the central nervous system, the adult peripheral nervous system possesses a remarkable regenerative capacity, which is due to the strong plasticity of Schwann cells (SCs) in peripheral nerves. After peripheral nervous injury, SCs de-differentiate and transform into repair phenotypes, and play a critical role in axonal regeneration, myelin formation, and clearance of axonal and myelin debris. In view of the limited self-repair capability of SCs for long segment defects of peripheral nerve defects, it is of great clinical value to supplement SCs in necrotic areas through gene modification or stem cell transplantation or to construct tissue-engineered nerve combined with bioactive scaffolds to repair such tissue defects. Based on the developmental lineage of SCs and the gene regulation network after peripheral nerve injury (PNI), this review summarizes the possibility of using SCs constructed by the latest gene modification technology to repair PNI. The therapeutic effects of tissue-engineered nerve constructed by materials combined with Schwann cells resembles autologous transplantation, which is the gold standard for PNI repair. Therefore, this review generalizes the research progress of biomaterials combined with Schwann cells for PNI repair. Based on the difficulty of donor sources, this review also discusses the potential of “unlimited” provision of pluripotent stem cells capable of directing differentiation or transforming existing somatic cells into induced SCs. The summary of these concepts and therapeutic strategies makes it possible for SCs to be used more effectively in the repair of PNI.
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