Simultaneous Glucocorticoid and Noradrenergic Activity Disrupts the Neural Basis of Goal-Directed Action in the Human Brain
Simultaneous Glucocorticoid and Noradrenergic Activity Disrupts the Neural Basis of Goal-Directed Action in the Human Brain
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.1304-12.2012
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发表时间：
2012-07-25
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Wolf, Oliver T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schwabe, Lars;Tegenthoff, Martin;Wolf, Oliver T.
压力促进了从目标导向的行动-结果学习向习惯性刺激-反应学习的转变。这种转变是由去甲肾上腺素能活性和糖皮质激素应激激素的相互作用介导的。在本实验中，我们研究了压力（激素）诱导的人类大脑从目标导向学习到习惯学习的转变的神经相关性。健康的参与者被给予氢化可的松，α 2-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂育亨宾，或两者兼而有之，然后他们被训练在两个工具的行动，导致两个不同的食物奖励。训练结束后，其中一种奖励被贬低了，因为参与者对这种食物感到饱足。最后，向与会者介绍了灭绝中的两个工具性行动。我们在仪器训练和消退测试期间收集了功能性磁共振图像。我们的行为数据证实，同时给予氢化可的松和育亨宾使工具性行为对结果贬值不敏感（因此是习惯性的），而单独使用氢化可的松或育亨宾则没有这种效果。在神经水平上，氢化可的松和育亨宾的联合用药降低了眶额和内侧前额叶皮层对结果值变化的敏感性。氢化可的松和育亨宾并没有调节先前与习惯学习有关的大脑区域。这些发现表明，同时发生的糖皮质激素和去甲肾上腺素能活动破坏了目标导向行为的神经基础，从而使行为习惯化。
Stress promotes a shift from goal-directed action-outcome learning toward habitual stimulus-response learning. This shift is mediated by an interaction of noradrenergic activity and glucocorticoid stress hormones. In the present experiment, we examined the neural correlates of the stress (hormone)-induced shift from goal-directed to habit learning in the human brain. Healthy participants were administered hydrocortisone, the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine, or both before they were trained in two instrumental actions leading to two distinct food rewards. After training, one of the rewards was devalued by feeding participants to satiety on that food. Finally, participants were presented the two instrumental actions in extinction. We collected functional magnetic resonance images both during instrumental training and during extinction testing. Our behavioral data confirmed that the simultaneous administration of hydrocortisone and yohimbine renders instrumental behavior insensitive to the outcome devaluation (and thus habitual), whereas hydrocortisone or yohimbine alone have no such effect. At the neural level, the combined administration of hydrocortisone and yohimbine reduced the sensitivity of the orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortex to changes in outcome value. Brain areas that have been previously implicated in habit learning were not modulated by hydrocortisone and yohimbine. These findings suggest that concurrent glucocorticoid and noradrenergic activity disrupts the neural bases of goal-directed action and thus renders behavior habitual.