Challenges and potential solutions for studying the genetic and phenotypic architecture of adaptation in microbes
Challenges and potential solutions for studying the genetic and phenotypic architecture of adaptation in microbes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gde.2022.101951
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发表时间：
2022-07-04
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Geiler-Samerotte, Kerry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brettner, Leandra;Ho, Wei-Chin;Geiler-Samerotte, Kerry
所有生物体都是由它们的DNA组成来定义的。数十亿年来，DNA中包含的结构和信息，通常被称为遗传结构，已经通过大量的进化过程得到了磨练。导致遗传因素发生变化，从而导致有益的表型变化的突变更有可能在一个被称为适应的过程中存活并在种群中传播。最近的研究表明，适应的遗传目标是不同的，并且可以随着遗传背景的不同而变化。此外，看似相似的适应性突变，即使在同一基因内，也可能对表型产生不同的和不可预测的影响。这些挑战是预测适应和演变的主要障碍。在这篇综述中，我们详细介绍了这些概念，并确定了三种新出现的协同解决方案：结合更新的基因-表型图谱策略的高通量进化实验和生理模型。我们的评论主要集中在酵母方面的最新文献，该领域似乎处于研究进化的可预测性的新纪元的边缘。
All organisms are defined by the makeup of their DNA. Over billions of years, the structure and information contained in that DNA, often referred to as genetic architecture, have been honed by a multitude of evolutionary processes. Mutations that cause genetic elements to change in a way that results in beneficial phenotypic change are more likely to survive and propagate through the population in a process known as adaptation. Recent work reveals that the genetic targets of adaptation are varied and can change with genetic background. Further, seemingly similar adaptive mutations, even within the same gene, can have diverse and unpredictable effects on phenotype. These challenges represent major obstacles in predicting adaptation and evolution. In this review, we cover these concepts in detail and identify three emerging synergistic solutions: higher-throughput evolution experiments combined with updated genotype-phenotype mapping strategies and physiological models. Our review largely focuses on recent literature in yeast, and the field seems to be on the cusp of a new era with regard to studying the predictability of evolution.