Potential Arbitrage Revenue of Energy Storage Systems in PJM

Potential Arbitrage Revenue of Energy Storage Systems in PJM
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PJM储能系统的潜在套利收入

DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
William W. Hogan
William W. Hogan
中科院分区：
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文献类型：
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作者：
M. B. C. Salles;Junling Huang;Michael J. Aziz;William W. Hogan

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电力价格的波动吸引了人们对通过能源套利提供净收入的机会的兴趣。我们分析了通用储能系统（ESS）在美国最大的区域输电组织宾夕法尼亚-新泽西-马里兰互联（PJM）电力市场7395个不同地点的潜在收入，使用了2008-2014年7年期间的每小时边际价格。假设在实时市场中具有完美预见的定价ESS，我们优化了充放电曲线，以确定1兆瓦系统的最大潜在收益作为能量/功率比的函数，或额定放电持续时间，从1到14小时，包括对往返效率敏感性的有限分析。我们通过对前一天市场的类似分析确定了最低潜在收益。我们给出了一组节点和年份的价格分布、价格波动和最大潜在套利收入。根据这些结果，我们确定了ESS的盈亏平衡隔夜安装成本，低于该成本套利将有利可图，其依赖于额定放电持续时间，其在电网节点上的分布以及多年来的变化。我们证明了基于日前市场结算价格的实时市场调度是一种简单可行的方法，它提高了可实现套利收益的下限。
The volatility of electricity prices is attracting interest in the opportunity of providing net revenue by energy arbitrage. We analyzed the potential revenue of a generic Energy Storage System (ESS) in 7395 different locations within the electricity markets of Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland interconnection (PJM), the largest U.S. regional transmission organization, using hourly locational marginal prices over the seven-year period 2008–2014. Assuming a price-taking ESS with perfect foresight in the real-time market, we optimized the charge-discharge profile to determine the maximum potential revenue for a 1 MW system as a function of energy/power ratio, or rated discharge duration, from 1 to 14 h, including a limited analysis of sensitivity to round-trip efficiency. We determined minimum potential revenue with a similar analysis of the day-ahead market. We presented the distribution over the set of nodes and years of price, price volatility, and maximum potential arbitrage revenue. From these results, we determined the breakeven overnight installed cost of an ESS below which arbitrage would be profitable, its dependence on rated discharge duration, its distribution over grid nodes, and its variation over the years. We showed that dispatch into real-time markets based on day-ahead market settlement prices is a simple, feasible method that raises the lower bound on the achievable arbitrage revenue.