Pandemic influenza and the gender imbalance: Evidence from early twentieth century Japan.
Pandemic influenza and the gender imbalance: Evidence from early twentieth century Japan.
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发表时间：
2020-05
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通讯作者：
Kota Ogasawara;Minami Yumitori
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作者：
Kota Ogasawara;Minami Yumitori
本研究使用日本1918-1920年流感大流行的最新数字化和完整的出生、婴儿死亡和儿童期性别比普查记录，分析子宫内死亡率选择及其在性别失衡中的持久性。我们发现，胎儿在妊娠期前三个月暴露于大流行性流感会降低这一时期出生的男性比例。然后我们表明，男婴出生率的下降可能与大流行性流感导致的胎儿健康恶化有关。利用人口普查进行的分析提供的证据表明，产后流感暴露对5-12岁儿童的性别比例有长期影响。
This study uses the 1918-1920 influenza pandemic in Japan with newly digitized and complete census records on births, infant deaths, and sex ratios during childhood to analyze mortality selection in utero and its persistency in the gender imbalance. We find that fetal exposure to pandemic influenza during the first trimester of the pregnancy period decreased the proportion of males at birth in this period. We then show that the decline in male births might have been associated with the deterioration of fetal health due to pandemic influenza. Analyses using Population Censuses provide evidence suggesting that postnatal influenza exposure had long-term impacts on the sex ratio of children aged 5-12.