Nairobi sheep disease virus/Ganjam virus
Nairobi sheep disease virus/Ganjam virus
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DOI：
10.20506/rst.34.2.2367
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发表时间：
2015-08-01
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
Holzer, B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baron, M. D.;Holzer, B.
内罗毕绵羊病病毒（NSDV）是一种蜱传病毒，可引起绵羊和山羊的严重疾病，并导致东非的几次疾病暴发。该病毒也在印度次大陆发现，在那里它被称为甘贾姆病毒。该病毒仅通过进食有能力的受感染蜱传播，因此其地理分布受到这些蜱（非洲的扇头蜱和印度的中间血蜱）分布的限制。在流行区饲养的动物通常不会发病，因此主要影响出于贸易或繁殖目的而转移的动物。由NSDV引起的疾病与其他几种反刍动物疾病相似，需要进行实验室诊断才能确认。目前已经有一些基于聚合酶链反应的诊断方法，用于细胞培养中的病毒生长和其他简单的诊断测试，尽管没有一种方法已经商业化。目前还没有针对NSDV的既定疫苗，尽管已经开发出了细胞培养减毒株，这些毒株显示出希望，并且如果认为有必要，可以投入田间试验。该病毒与克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒密切相关，因此对NSDV的研究可能有助于了解这种重要的人类病原体。
Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV) is a tick-borne virus which causes a severe disease in sheep and goats, and has been responsible for several outbreaks of disease in East Africa. The virus is also found in the Indian subcontinent, where it is known as Ganjam virus. The virus only spreads through the feeding of competent infected ticks, and is therefore limited in its geographic distribution by the distribution of those ticks, Rhipicephalus appendiculata in Africa and Haemaphysalis intermedia in India. Animals bred in endemic areas do not normally develop disease, and the impact is therefore primarily on animals being moved for trade or breeding purposes.The disease caused by NSDV has similarities to several other ruminant diseases, and laboratory diagnosis is necessary for confirmation. There are published methods for diagnosis based on polymerase chain reaction, for virus growth in cell culture and for other simple diagnostic tests, though none has been commercialised. There is no established vaccine against NSDV, although cell-culture attenuated strains have been developed which show promise and could be put into field trials if it were deemed necessary. The virus is closely related to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus, and studies on NSDV may therefore be useful in understanding this important human pathogen.