Racial segregation and the black-white test score gap
Racial segregation and the black-white test score gap
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jpubeco.2007.03.006
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发表时间：
2007-12-01
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Rothstein, Jesse
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Card, David;Rothstein, Jesse
种族隔离经常被认为是造成黑人和白人成绩差距的部分原因。我们使用1998-2001年测试队列的大型微数据样本，研究了学校和社区隔离对不同大都市地区黑人学生相对SAT分数的影响。我们的模型包括对个别考生家庭背景的详细控制，对选择性参加考试的学校级控制，以及对种族组成、收入和地区的城市级控制。我们发现有力的证据表明，在种族隔离更严重的城市，黑人和白人的考试成绩差距更大。在家庭背景和其他因素不变的情况下，从一个高度种族隔离的城市转变为一个近乎一体化的城市，在SAT分数上，黑人和白人之间的原始差距缩小了大约四分之一。区分学校隔离和社区隔离的规范表明，社区隔离具有一贯的负面影响，而学校隔离没有独立的影响，尽管我们不能否认这两种影响是平等的。另外的测试表明，社区隔离的影响在很大程度上是通过邻居的收入而不是种族本身起作用的。有关荣誉课程入学人数的数据表明，当学校融合程度越高时，校内隔离就会增加，这可能抵消了学校废除种族隔离的好处，并解释了我们的发现。(C) 2007年Elsevier B.V.出版
Racial segregation is often blamed for some of the achievement gap between blacks and whites. We study the effects of school and neighborhood segregation on the relative SAT scores of black students across different metropolitan areas, using large microdata samples for the 1998-2001 test cohorts. Our models include detailed controls for the family background of individual test-takers, school-level controls for selective participation in the test, and city-level controls for racial composition, income, and region. We find robust evidence that the black-white test score gap is higher in more segregated cities. Holding constant family background and other factors, a shift from a highly segregated city to a nearly integrated city closes about one-quarter of the raw black-white gap in SAT scores. Specifications that distinguish between school and neighborhood segregation suggest that neighborhood segregation has a consistently negative impact while school segregation has no independent effect, though we cannot reject equality of the two effects. Additional tests indicate that much of the effect of neighborhood segregation operates through neighbors' incomes, not through race per se. Data on enrollment in honors courses suggest that within-school segregation increases when schools are more highly integrated, potentially offsetting the benefits of school desegregation and accounting for our findings. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.